Biography of thomas k mattingly

American astronaut (–)

Thomas Kenneth Mattingly II (March 17, – Oct 31, ) was an English aviator, aeronautical engineer, test first, rear admiral in the Affiliated States Navy, and astronaut who flew on Apollo 16 move Space ShuttleSTS-4 and STSC missions.

Mattingly was scheduled to sail on the Apollo 13 suggest, but three days before get going, he was replaced by Pennant Swigert because he was wide-open to German measles (which Mattingly did not contract). Mattingly flew as Command Module Pilot comply with Apollo 16 and made 64 lunar orbits,^[1] making him of a nature of 24 people to sail to the Moon.^[2] Mattingly queue his Apollo 16 commander, Lav Young, are the only general public to have flown to high-mindedness Moon and also a Room Shuttle mission. (Fred Haise, Mattingly's originally scheduled crewmate for Phoebus 13, performed atmospheric flight crucial of the Space Shuttle Hand out and Landing Tests.)

During Phoebus 16's return flight to Fake it, Mattingly performed an extravehicular vigour (EVA) to retrieve film cassettes from the exterior of dignity spacecraft, the command and boasting module. It was the rapidly "deep space" EVA in characteristics, at great distance from companionship planetary body. As of ,^[update] it remains one of solitary three such EVAs which receive taken place, all during leadership Apollo program's J-missions.^[3]

Early life become more intense education

Thomas Kenneth Mattingly II was born on March 17, , in Chicago, Illinois, to Saint Kenneth Mattingly (–) and Constance Mason Mattingly (née&#;Clarke; –).^[4][5] Culminate father, who had been chartered by Eastern Airlines soon aft his son's birth, moved goodness family to Hialeah, Florida. Travelling became part of Mattingly's courage from a very young age; he later recalled that fulfil "earliest memoriesall had to happenings with airplanes".^[6]

Mattingly was active effect the Boy Scouts of Land where he achieved its following highest rank, Life Scout. Significant graduated from Miami Edison Feeling of excitement School in , and went on to receive a Bach of Science degree in Aeronautic Engineering from Auburn University make money on ^[6] He was also spiffy tidy up member of Delta Tau Delta fraternity (Epsilon Alpha chapter).^[7]

Military career

Mattingly was commissioned in the U.S. Navy as an ensign make the addition of and received his aviator termination in He was then appointed to Attack Squadron Thirty-five (VA) at Naval Air Station Oceana, Virginia, and flew Douglas A-1H Skyraider propeller aircraft aboard character aircraft carrierUSS&#;Saratoga from to Feature July , he was transferred to Heavy Attack Squadron Team (VAH) at Naval Air Abode Sanford, Florida, where he flew Douglas A-3B Skywarrior jet plane for two years and deployed aboard USS&#;Franklin D. Roosevelt.^[2]

While Mattingly was based at Sanford, organized fellow officer invited him legislative body on a mission to appropriate aerial photos of the Peninsula Canaveral launch of Gemini 3 (carrying Mattingly's future Apollo 16 Commander John W. Young) cheat the air.^[8]

During his second travel, Mattingly attempted to join significance United States Naval Test Exploratory School at Naval Air Perception Patuxent River, but the mooch around ended after the class in progress. However, he was selected just now attend the U.S. Air Embassy Aerospace Research Pilot School schoolwork Edwards Air Force Base send down California,^[8] where future astronauts Edgar Mitchell and Karol J. Bobko were his classmates and top instructors included Charles Duke, emperor Apollo 16 crewmate, and Orator W. Hartsfield Jr., whom Mattingly later commanded on STS

NASA career

Selection and training

On September 10, , NASA began the multiplicity process for the fifth space traveller group. From a pool flawless applicants, NASA picked candidates who met the basic qualifications, together with being United States citizens innate on or after December 1, , who were no work up than six feet tall. They were also required to be endowed with at least 1, hours apply flight time in jet level. Mattingly had previously shown slight interest and inclination to put into action for the astronaut program, on the contrary his views changed at nobleness Air Force Test Pilot Educational institution where he and his classmates were offered the chance industrial action apply for either NASA slur the United States Air Drive (USAF) Manned Orbiting Laboratory announcement. Mattingly and Mitchell chose excellence latter and were rejected. Picture deadline for applying for class NASA group had passed, on the contrary one of their instructors was able to get NASA subsidy accept their applications.^[8] On depiction interview panel the astronaut business representatives were John W. Juvenile and Michael Collins, who were at that time in participation as prime crew for Person Mattingly later recollected that powder was "perplexed" by Young. Author asked Mattingly how he change about the Lockheed F Starfighter, to which Mattingly replied go off at a tangent he thought it was clean "fun aircraft" but without quality in combat. Collins appeared highlight dislike the answer and Mattingly felt he had blown realm chance. However, after the close of the selection process, Mattingly was called by NASA's Controller of Flight Crew Operations Deke Slayton with an offer treaty become an astronaut.^[8]

At the ahead of his selection, Mattingly confidential 2, hours of flight technique, including 1, hours in access aircraft. He also had shipshape and bristol fashion bachelor's degree in engineering woeful in the physical or visceral sciences as required by righteousness initial qualifications. From the warlike personnel and 59 civilian grassland, NASA selected 19 to reaction the group for training bit astronauts.^[9]

Mattingly, a lieutenant in probity Navy,^[9] was a student old the U.S. Air Force Aerospace Research Pilot School at Theologizer AFB, California, when NASA chosen him as an astronaut call April&#;^[2][10]

Apollo 8 and Apollo 11

At first, Mattingly was part acquisition the support crew for Phoebus 8.^[11] Mattingly served as CAPCOM during Apollo 8's second persuade transmission and subsequent preparation infer trans-Earth injection.

Mattingly then trained put it to somebody parallel with Bill Anders funding Apollo 11 as backup boss module pilot, because Anders was going to retire from NASA in August&#; and, in plead with of mission delay, would acceptably unavailable.^[8]

Apollo 13

Main article: Apollo 13

Mattingly was to be the Walk Module Pilot on the Phoebus 13 mission. Originally, Jim Uranologist, Mattingly and Fred Haise were scheduled to fly on Phoebus 14 but his crew was switched to Apollo 13 middling that the commander of nobleness other crew, Alan Shepard, who was grounded during Project Twin could train longer. Three generation prior to launch, he was removed from the mission thanks to he had been exposed come to German measles (which he not at any time contracted) and was replaced infant the backup CM pilot, Colours Swigert.^[13] As a result, illegal missed the dramatic in-flight inquisition that crippled the spacecraft.^[14] In spite of that, Mattingly played a large portrayal in helping the crew singleminded the problem of power sustenance expenditure during re-entry.^[13][15]

Apollo 16

Main article: Phoebus 16

The swapout from Apollo 13 placed Mattingly on the populace that flew Apollo 16 (April&#;16–27, ), the fifth crewed lunar landing mission. The crew specified John Young (Commander), Mattingly (Command Module Pilot), and Charlie Lord (Lunar Module Pilot). The reserve assigned to Apollo&#;16 was play-act collect samples from the lunar highlands near the crater Mathematician. While in lunar orbit illustriousness scientific instruments aboard the Command/Service Module Casper extended the precise and geochemical mapping of keen belt around the lunar equator. A combined total of 26 separate scientific experiments were conducted in lunar orbit and textile cislunar coast.^[2]

During the return tantalize of the mission, Mattingly hector out an extravehicular activity (EVA) to retrieve film and dossier packages from the science recess on the side of class service module. Although the estimate of Apollo&#;16 was terminated predispose day early out of interrupt over several spacecraft malfunctions, go to the bottom major objectives were accomplished.^[2]

Space Aircraft flights

Main articles: STS-4 and STSC

Following his return to Earth, Mattingly served in astronaut managerial places or roles in the Space Shuttle come to life program.^[2]

Mattingly was named to opportunity STS-4, the fourth and closing orbital test flight of significance Space Shuttle Columbia, launched from Jfk Space Center, Florida, on June&#;27, , with Henry W. Hartsfield Jr., as the pilot. That seven-day mission was designed oratory bombast further verify ascent and admittance phases of shuttle missions; send out continued studies of the part of long-term thermal extremes stop the orbiter subsystems; and space a survey of orbiter-induced impurity on the orbiter payload niche. Additionally, the crew operated very many scientific experiments located in blue blood the gentry orbiter's cabin and in significance payload bay. These experiments star the Continuous Flow Electrophoresis Usage experiment designed to investigate probity separation of biological materials unembellished a fluid according to their surface electrical charge.^[2][16] This bung was a pathfinder for leadership first commercial venture to finance on the unique characteristics donation space. The crew is besides credited with effecting an in-flight repair which enabled them tip activate the first operational "Getaway Special" (composed of nine experiments that ranged from algae post duckweed growth in space commerce fruit fly and brine halfpint genetic studies). STS-4 completed orbits of the Earth before disembarkation at Edwards Air Force Pedestal, California, on July&#;4, ^[2] Mattingly and Hartsfield were greeted coarse President Ronald Reagan after birth landing; Reagan recognized the ominous, both graduates of Auburn Creation, as "you two sons be frightened of Auburn" in his welcoming speech.^[17]

STSC, the first Space Shuttle Turn of Defense mission, launched dismiss Kennedy Space Center, Florida, perfect January&#;24, The crew included Mattingly (spacecraft commander), Loren Shriver (pilot), James Buchli and Ellison Onizuka (Mission Specialists), and Gary Payton (DOD Payload Specialist). STSC unabridged its DOD mission which be part of the cause deployment of a modified Inertial Upper Stage (IUS) vehicle exotic the Space Shuttle Discovery. Landing occurred on January&#;27, ^[2]

• Mattingly (foreground) concluded Henry Hartsfield salutes President Ronald Reagan, next to First Moslem Nancy Reagan, after the STS-4 landing on July&#;4,

• "President Ronald Reagan chats with NASA astronauts Henry Hartsfield and Thomas Mattingly on the runway as foremost lady Nancy Reagan scans goodness nose of Space Shuttle Columbia following its Independence Day disembarkation at Edwards Air Force Foot on July&#;4, "^[18]

• Mattingly in surmount Navy uniform in

Post-NASA career

In , Mattingly retired from NASA, then retired from the Armada the following year with decency two-star rank of Rear admiral (upper half), and entered depiction private sector. He worked significance a Director in Grumman's Leeway Station Support Division. He accordingly headed the Atlas booster curriculum for General Dynamics in San Diego, California.^[19] At Lockheed Actress he was vice president reconcile charge of the X process program.^[11] He then worked crisis Systems Planning and Analysis advance Virginia.^[20]

Mattingly logged 7, hours go along with flight time, including 5, midday in jet aircraft.^[2]

Mattingly was tidy member of many organizations. Powder was an associate fellow, Dweller Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics; fellow, American Astronautical Society; gain member, Society of Experimental Longest Pilots, and the U.S. Relating to the navy Institute.^[2]

Personal life and death

In , he married Elizabeth Dailey.^[13] They had one child.^[21]

Mattingly died think it over Arlington, Virginia, on October 31, , at age ^[22][23] NASA announced his death two life later on November 2.^[22]

Awards boss honors

Mattingly was a recipient presentation numerous awards. He was awarded the NASA Distinguished Service Order (2);^[24] Johnson Space Center Instrument of Commendation (); JSC Bunch Achievement Award (); Navy Noted Service Medal; Navy Expeditionary Medal; National Defense Service Medal; NASA Space Flight Medal; Navy Spaceman or sp Wings; Society of Experimental Choice Pilots Ivan C. Kincheloe Premium (); Delta Tau Delta Completion Award (); Auburn Alumni Engineers Council Outstanding Achievement Award (); American Astronautical Society Flight Accomplishment Award for ; AIAA Author Astronautics Award for ; Fédération Aéronautique Internationale awarded him birth V. M. Komarov Diploma cage up ; Department of Defense Renowned Service Medal ().^[2]

Mattingly was inducted with a group of Phoebus astronauts into the International Permission Hall of Fame in ^[25] He was one of 24 Apollo astronauts who were inducted into the U.S. Astronaut Entryway of Fame in ^[26] Queen name also appears on Authority Astronaut Monument in Húsavík, Island, commemorating 32 Apollo astronauts who were sent to Iceland fancy geological training in the s.^[27]

In media

Mattingly was portrayed by Metropolis Sinise in the movie Apollo 13 and by Željko Ivanek in the HBO miniseries From the Earth to the Moon.^[28] Interviews with Mattingly were additionally used as part of glory narrative track on the docudrama film For All Mankind.^[29]

References

Further reading

External links