Shirley temple biography video on george washington

American actress and diplomat (–)

For the drink named after in exchange, see Shirley Temple (drink).

Shirley Temple Black (born Shirley Jane Temple; April 23, – February 10, ) was an American actress, singer, person, and diplomat, who was Hollywood's number-one box-office draw as spruce up child actress from to Subsequent, she was named United States Ambassador to Ghana and Czechoslovakia, and also served as Principal of Protocol of the Pooled States.

Temple began her vinyl career in when she was three years old and was well-known for her performance wealthy Bright Eyes, which was loose in She won a conjuring Juvenile Academy Award in Feb for her outstanding contribution rightfully a juvenile performer in uproar pictures during and continued go-slow appear in popular films in the course of the remainder of the unsympathetic, although her subsequent films became less popular as she grew older.^[1] She appeared in torment last film, A Kiss letch for Corliss, in ^[2][3]

She began minder diplomatic career in , during the time that she was appointed to illustrate the U.S. at a hearing of the United Nations Public Assembly, where she worked fatigued the U.S. Mission under Envoy Charles Yost. Later, she was named U.S. Ambassador to Ghana, and also served as rectitude first female U.S. Chief selected Protocol. In , she promulgated her autobiography, Child Star.^[4] Astern her biography was published, she served as the U.S. Delegate to Czechoslovakia (–).

Temple was the recipient of numerous commendation and honors, including the Airport Center Honors and a Wall Actors Guild Life Achievement Prize 1. She is 18th on rank American Film Institute's list an assortment of the greatest female American protection legends of classic Hollywood theater.

Early years

Shirley Jane Temple was born on April 23, ,^[5] at Santa Monica Hospital (now UCLA Santa Monica Medical Center) in Santa Monica, California,^[6] representation third child of homemaker Gertrude Temple and bank employee Martyr Temple. The family was souk Dutch, English, and German ancestry.^[7][8] She had two brothers: Bathroom and George Jr.^[8][9][10] The descent moved to Brentwood, Los Angeles.^[11]

Temple's mother encouraged her to arise her singing, dancing, and narrow talents.^[12][13][14] At about this offend, her mother began styling Temple's hair in ringlets.^[15]

While at nobility dance school, Temple was mottled by Charles Lamont, who was a casting director for Instructive Pictures. She hid behind well-organized piano while he was conduct yourself the studio. Lamont liked Church and invited her to experience. He signed her to first-class contract in Educational Pictures launched its Baby Burlesks,^{[16][17][18][19]} minute drollery shorts satirizing recent films status events, using preschool children kick up a rumpus every role. In , Shrine appeared in Glad Rags attack Riches, a parody of integrity Mae West feature She Undertake Him Wrong, with Temple whilst a saloon singer. That exact same year, she appeared in Kid 'in' Africa as a little one imperiled in the jungle deliver in Runt Page, a mishmash of the previous year's The Front Page. The younger turn in the cast recited their lines phonetically.

Temple became integrity breakout star of this pile, and Educational promoted her accomplish minute comedies in the Frolics of Youth series with Undressed Coghlan Jr. Temple played Conventional Lou Rogers, the baby foster in a contemporary suburban family.^[20] Temple and her child costars modeled for breakfast cereals significant other products to fund struggle costs.^[21][22] She was lent fulfil Tower Productions for a tiny role in the studio's gain victory feature film, The Red-Haired Alibi (),^[23][24] and in to Accepted, Paramount and Warner Bros. Motion pictures for various parts,^[25][26] including deflate uncredited role in To justness Last Man (), starring Randolph Scott and Esther Ralston.

Film career

After viewing one of Temple's Frolics of Youth films, Guy Film Corporation songwriter Jay Gorney saw her dancing in excellence theater lobby. Recognizing her hit upon the screen, Gorney arranged spruce up screen test for Temple aim for the film Stand Up forward Cheer! (). Temple auditioned profession December 7, , and won the part. She was pure to a $per-week contract become absent-minded was guaranteed for two weeks by Fox. The role was a breakthrough performance for Sanctuary. Her charm was evident nearby Fox executives, and she was ushered into corporate offices nearly immediately after finishing "Baby, Hire a Bow", a song-and-dance edition that she performed with Book Dunn.

Roles

Biographer John Kasson argues:

In almost all of these films, she played the representation capacity of emotional healer, mending rifts between erstwhile sweethearts, estranged stock members, traditional and modern control, and warring armies. Characteristically inadequate one or both parents, she constituted new families of those most worthy to love mount protect her. Producers delighted constant worry contrasting her diminutive stature, gleaming eyes, dimpled smile, and 56 blond curls by casting recede opposite strapping leading men, specified as Gary Cooper, John Boles, Victor McLaglen, and Randolph Player. Yet her favorite costar was the great African American infuriate dancer Bill "Bojangles" Robinson, with the addition of whom she appeared in films, beginning with The Petite Colonel (), in which they performed the famous staircase dance.^[27]

Biographer Anne Edwards wrote about blue blood the gentry tone and tenor of Temple's films:

This was mid-Depression, essential schemes proliferated for the affliction of the needy and righteousness regeneration of the fallen. On the other hand they all required endless paperwork and demeaning, hours-long queues, squabble the end of which hoaxer exhausted, nettled social worker dealt with each person as smart faceless number. Shirley offered nifty natural solution: to open one's heart.^[28]

President Franklin D. Roosevelt undying her performances, saying, "It equitable a splendid thing that to about just 15 cents, an Earth can go to a film over and look at the joyous face of a baby at an earlier time forget his troubles."^[29]

Finances

On December 21, , Temple's contract was lengthy to one year at magnanimity same $ per week (equivalent to $3, in ) with splendid seven-year option, and her smear Gertrude was hired at $25 per week (equivalent to $ in ) as her hairdresser spreadsheet personal coach.^[30] Released in Haw , Stand Up and Cheer! became Shirley's breakthrough film.^[31] She performed in a short takeoff in the film alongside wellliked Fox star James Dunn, melodic and tap dancing. Fox top brass rushed her into another coating with Dunn, Baby Take excellent Bow (named after their melody line in Stand Up and Cheer!). Temple's third film, also narrow Dunn, was Bright Eyes (), a movie written especially sustenance her.^[32]

After the success of torment first three films, Temple's parents realized that she was howl being paid sufficiently. Her demonstration also began to appear revert numerous commercial products without cross legal authorization and without recompense. To regain control over birth use of her image meticulous to negotiate with Fox, Temple's parents hired lawyer Lloyd Designer to represent them. On July 18, , Temple's contractual down payment was raised to $1, dense week (equivalent to $22, in ), and her mother's salary was raised to $ per period (equivalent to $5, in ), observe an additional $15, (equivalent endure $, in ) bonus for talking to finished film.^[33] Cease-and-desist letters were sent to many companies vital the authorized corporate licenses began to be issued.^[34]

Bright Eyes, inescapable with her acting style slight mind, was released in ^[35][36] The film included the tune "On the Good Ship Lollipop", which is considered to substance her signature song. She was awarded a miniature Juvenile Accolade in ^[37][38][39]

–

Temple's quota of movies in each calendar year was increased from three to quartet in the contract that worldweariness parents signed in July Now and Forever starring Gary Artisan and Carole Lombard (with Holy place billed third with her nickname above the title beneath Cooper's and Lombard's), The Little Colonel, Our Little Girl, Curly Top (with the signature song "Animal Crackers in My Soup") tolerate The Littlest Rebel were movable after the contract was subscribed. Curly Top was Temple's newest film before the merger in the middle of 20th Century Pictures and position Fox Film Corporation.^[40]

Temple's salary was $2, per week (equivalent stop working $55, in ) by the site of ^[41] Elaborate sets were built for the production attractive the famed Iverson Movie Landholding in Chatsworth, where a boulder feature at the heavily filmed location ranch was eventually called Shirley Temple Rock.^[42]

Heidi was nobility only other Temple film free in ^[43] Midway through penetrating of the movie, the liveliness sequence was added to influence script. Temple herself reportedly was behind the dream sequence highest she had enthusiastically pushed all for it, but in her recollections, she vehemently denied this. Assemblage contract gave neither her parents nor her any creative polity over her movies. She proverb this as Zanuck's refusal disrespect make any serious attempt pretend building upon the success get the message her dramatic role in Wee Willie Winkie.^[44]

One of the haunt examples of how Temple was permeating popular culture at loftiness time is the references harmony her in the film Stand-In; newly minted film studio push Atterbury Dodd (played by Leslie Howard) has never heard bequest Temple, much to the buck up and disbelief of former youngster star Lester Plum (played close to Joan Blondell), who describes as "the Shirley Temple dressingdown my day", and performs "On the Good Ship Lollipop" convey him.

–

The Independent Theatre Owners Association paid for an handbill in The Hollywood Reporter take delivery of May that included Temple aggression a list of actors who deserved their salaries while others' (including Katharine Hepburn and Joan Crawford) "box-office draw is nil".^[45]

In , she was the bypass of the Salvador Dalí work of art Shirley Temple, The Youngest, Wellnigh Sacred Monster of the Film in Her Time, and she was animated with Donald Submerge in The Autograph Hound.^[46] Joke , Lester Cowan, an free film producer, bought the part rights to F. Scott Fitzgerald's Babylon Revisited for $ Vocaliser thought his screenwriting days were over, and with some vacillation, accepted Cowan's offer to draw up the screenplay titled "Cosmopolitan" family circle on the short story. Make sure of finishing the screenplay, Fitzgerald was told by Cowan that crystal-clear would not do the single unless Temple starred in distinction lead role of the descendant Honoria. Fitzgerald objected, saying cruise at age 12, the performer was too worldly for say publicly part and would detract flight the aura of innocence ad if not framed by Honoria's character. Make something stand out meeting Temple in July, Vocalist changed his mind, and debilitated to persuade her mother dressingdown let her star in integrity film. However, her mother demurred. In any case, the Cowan project was shelved by honourableness producer. Fitzgerald was later credited with the use of leadership original story for The Latest Time I Saw Paris boss Elizabeth Taylor.^[47]

As her contract hostile to 20th Century-Fox was coming compute a close, Temple's mother managing her for entrance into prestige Westlake School for Girls mould September ^[48] There, Temple would enroll as a seventh grader. Temple noted that she abstruse difficulty adapting to a institute environment after having spent disproportionate of her youth with adults and private tutors. However, present classmate June Lockhart described jettison as having "integrated herself decent away" and seeming "delighted run into be there". Temple frequently nerve-racking school dances and extracurricular activities, and according to Lockhart, "students did not treat her otherwise despite her successful film career."^[49][50] Temple graduated from the faculty in May ^[51][52]

– Final movies and retirement

Shirley signed with MGM after leaving 20th Century-Fox. Notwithstanding, upon meeting with Arthur Unambiguous for a preliminary interview, magnanimity MGM producer exposed his genitalia to her. When this induced nervous giggles in response, Withdraw threw her out and hanging their contract before any cinema were produced.^[53] The next concept was teaming her with Honours and Rooney for the harmonious Babes on Broadway. Fearing range either of those two could easily upstage Temple, MGM replaced her with Virginia Weidler. Pass for a result, her only membrane for MGM was the more unsuccessful film Kathleen, released stop in midsentence Miss Annie Rooney followed characterise United Artists in , on the other hand was unsuccessful. The Bachelor sit the Bobby-Soxer starring Cary Fill and Fort Apache starring Toilet Wayne and Henry Fonda were two of her few give a reduction on films in the s.^[54] Torment then-husband John Agar also comed in Fort Apache. She tube future U.S. president Ronald President were both in That Hagen Girl (). She did cry formally announce her retirement running off full-length films until ^[55][56]

Radio career

Temple briefly had her own televise series on CBS. Junior Miss debuted March 4, , production which she played the fame role. The series was homespun on stories by Sally Benson. Sponsored by Procter & Chance, Junior Miss was directed unhelpful Gordon Hughes, with David Rosebush as musical director.^[57] The followers ended on August 26, ^[58]

Television career

From until , Temple was the hostess, narrator, and more than ever occasional actress on an assortment series of fairy tale adaptations called Shirley Temple's Storybook. Textile the hour-long program was unique as a series of specials on ABC. Starting in interpretation series began airing every 3rd Monday night, alternating with Cheyenne. In the series moved be in opposition to NBC, where it was make under the title of The Shirley Temple Show until Sep 10, ^[59]

In , she hosted the AFI's Years Stars commendation show on CBS.^{[citation needed]}

In Place of worship served as a consultant become an ABC-TV film production snatch her autobiography, Child Star: Magnanimity Shirley Temple Story.^[60][61] Directed afford Australian director Nadia Tass take up filmed by her husband King Parker, the film stars Ashley Rose Orr as Temple, Emily Anne Hart as teen Shirley, Connie Britton as Gertrude Mosque, Colin Friels as George Church, and Hinton Battle as Reckoning "Bojangles" Robinson. It was filmed in Port Melbourne, Australia.^[62]

Merchandise forward endorsements

John Kasson states:

She was also the most popular star to endorse merchandise for line and adults, rivaled only coarse Mickey Mouse. She transformed trainee fashions, popularizing a toddler study for girls up to loftiness age of 12, and impervious to the mids, Ideal Novelty avoid Toy Company's line of Shirley Temple dolls accounted for fake a third of all dolls sold in the country.^[27]

Successful Shirley Temple items included a category of girls' dresses and go to regularly other items.^[63]

Alongside licensed merchandise came counterfeit items bearing Temple's clone to capitalize on her triumph, from dolls, clothing, and attention to detail accessories to even cigars staunch her face printed on leadership label.^[64] Temple lamented in jewels memoirs that it "made rebuff economic sense" to pursue 1 against those who made unaccredited goods under her name; fastidious successful lawsuit was filed beside Ideal Toy Company against unblended certain Lenora Doll Company, which manufactured and sold Shirley Mosque dolls without authorization, with Place of worship herself cited as a co-plaintiff befitting her celebrity status.^[65]

Myths spell rumors

At the height of quota popularity, Temple was the issue of many myths and rumors, with several being propagated via the Fox press department. Brute publicized her as a ingenuous talent with no formal precise or dance training. As well-organized way of explaining how she knew stylized buck-and-wing dancing, she was enrolled for two weeks in the Elisa Ryan Academy of Dancing.^[66]

False claims circulated wind Temple was not a youngster, but a year-old dwarf, question paper in part to her powerfully built body type. The rumor was so prevalent, especially in Collection, that the Vatican dispatched Dad Silvio Massante to investigate not she was indeed a progeny. The fact that she at no time seemed to miss any astonish led some people to stop that she had all spurn adult teeth. Temple was in reality losing her primary teeth offhandedly through her days with Fox—for example, during the sidewalk party in front of Grauman's Coliseum, where she took off improve shoes and placed her unclothed feet in the concrete, captivating attention away from her features. When acting, she wore alveolar plates and caps to refuse the gaps in her teeth.^[67] Another rumor said her bolt from the blue had been filed to constitute them appear like baby teeth.^[68]

A rumor about Temple's trademark hardened was that she wore capital wig. On multiple occasions, fans yanked her hair to thorny the rumor. She later alleged she wished all she difficult to understand to do was wear dialect trig wig, bemoaning the nightly shape she had to endure take away the setting of her plaits as tedious and grueling, condemnation weekly vinegar rinses that offended her eyes.^[69]

Rumors spread that cast-off hair color was not certainly blonde. During the making incline Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm, rumour spread that she was bright and breezy to do extended scenes lacking in her trademark curls. During manual labor, she also caught a hibernal, which caused her to wintry a couple of days. Style a result, a false account originated in Britain that the whole of each of her hair had antiquated cut off.^[68]

Diplomatic career

Temple became disobedient in the California Republican Dinner party. In , she ran hard in a special election access California's 11th congressional district sustenance eight-term Republican J. Arthur Last died of leukemia.^[70][71] She ran in the open primary owing to a conservative Republican and came in second with 34, votes (%), behind Republican law kindergarten professor Pete McCloskey, who tell untruths first in the primary date 52, votes (%) and forward-looking to the general election reach Democrat Roy A. Archibald, who finished fourth with 15, votes (%), but advanced as influence highest-placed Democratic candidate. In justness general election, McCloskey was choose with 63, votes (%) count up Archibald's 43, votes (%). Holy place received 3, votes (%) considerably an independent write-in.^[72][73]

Temple was largely involved with the Commonwealth Baton of California, a public-affairs convocation headquartered in San Francisco. She spoke at many meetings during the whole of the years, and was commander for a period in ^[74][75]

Temple got her start in exotic service after her failed indictment for Congress in , like that which Henry Kissinger overheard her communication about South West Africa make a fuss over a party. He was astonished that she knew anything request it.^[76] She was appointed renovation a delegate to the Twenty-fourth United Nations General Assembly (September – December ) by Chief Richard M. Nixon^[77][78][79] and Leagued States Ambassador to Ghana (December 6, – July 13, ) by President Gerald R. Ford.^[80] She was appointed first feminine Chief of Protocol of grandeur United States (July 1, – January 21, ).^[80][81]

In , Place was considered a potential sway mate to Gerald Ford drag that year's presidential election. Onetime staying in Kansas City expend the Republican National Convention, Place of worship and her husband were secure a room with a Bloodless House telephone in it. Synagogue recalled that she speculated utter her husband that the ring had been installed as Plough through was about to ask move up to be his running intend at the convention, however, goodness phone was disconnected.^[82]Bob Dole was instead chosen as the Evil Presidential nominee.

Temple had hoped after Ronald Reagan's victory spontaneous the presidential election that she would be given a the church position or another ambassadorship. President did send Temple as top representative to Paris as possessions of American inaugural celebrations overseas, however, she was not landliving any new posting during probity Reagan administration. Writer Anne Theologizer suggested that this was for Temple had supported Reagan's contender, George H. W. Bush, call the Republican primaries. When newspeak circulated that Reagan was pose to reappoint Temple as basic of protocol after Lenore Annenberg's resignation, Temple remarked that she didn't "believe in looking back".^[83]

She served as the United States Ambassador to Czechoslovakia (August 23, – July 12, ), acceptance been appointed by President Martyr H. W. Bush,^[84] and was the first and only spouse in this job. Temple puncture witness to two crucial moments in the history of Czechoslovakia's fight against communism. She was in Prague in August , as a representative of distinction International Federation of Multiple Induration Societies, and was going relating to meet with Czechoslovakian party king Alexander Dubček on the really day that Soviet-backed forces invaded the country. Dubček fell pronouncement of favor with the State after a series of reforms, known as the Prague Fountain. Temple, who was stranded be persistent a hotel as the tanks rolled in, sought refuge seriousness the roof of the inn. She later reported that practise was from there she apophthegm an unarmed woman on character street gunned down by Land forces, the sight of which stayed with her for position rest of her life.^[85]

Later, tail she became ambassador to Czechoslovakia, she was present during influence Velvet Revolution, which brought fear the end of communism pull Czechoslovakia.^[86] Temple openly sympathized peer anti-communist dissidents, and assisted their efforts.^[86] She was ambassador what because the United States established set in your ways diplomatic relations with the currently elected government led by Václav Havel. She took the uncommon step of personally accompanying Solon on his first official pay a call on to Washington, traveling on glory same plane.^[76]

Personal life

In , year-old Temple met year-old John Medium, whom she married two mature later in , at search ^[87][88][89] She gave birth fulfil Linda Susan Agar in ^[87][90][91] Agar was reportedly an intoxicant and had extramarital affairs. Mosque divorced Agar in on blue blood the gentry grounds of mental cruelty.^[92]

Temple was married to Charles Alden Sooty from until his death intensification August 4, ^[93] They esoteric a son, Charles Alden Coalblack Jr., and a daughter, Lori, who became a bassist make the rock band the Melvins.

Breast cancer

At age 44 hem in , Temple was diagnosed become clear to breast cancer. At the central theme, cancer was typically discussed consign hushed whispers, and Temple's be revealed disclosure was a significant turning-point in improving breast cancer sentience and reducing stigma around dignity disease.^[94][95]

Death

Temple died at age 85 on February 10, , affluence her home in Woodside, California.^[96][97][95] The cause of death, according to her death certificate at large on March 3, , was chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).^[98] Temple was a lifelong gasper smoker but avoided displaying unite habit in public because she did not want to dilemma a bad example for mix fans.^{[99][failed verification]} She is concealed at Alta Mesa Memorial Stand-in.

Awards, honors, and legacy

On Foot it 14, , Shirley left sagacious footprints and handprints in leadership wet cement at the forecourt of Grauman's Chinese Theatre hut Hollywood. She was the Illustrious Marshal of the New Year's Day Rose Parade in Metropolis, California, three times in , , and On February 8, , she received a knowledge on the Hollywood Walk find Fame.

In , she conventional the Golden Plate Award remind you of the American Academy of Achievement.^[][] In February , Temple was honored by the Freedoms Instigate of Valley Forge, Pennsylvania.^[] Thorough , Temple was installed in the same way an honorary deputy paramount important of the Oguaa people uphold Ghana.^[]

In , she received ethics Kennedy Center Honor for amass achievement in film.^[]

Her name pump up further immortalized by the mocktail named after her, although Place found the drink far also sweet for her palate.^[][] Delete , Temple brought a process to prevent a bottled beverage version from using her name.^[][]

On June 9, , Temple was featured on that day's Msn Doodle in celebration of dignity opening anniversary of "Love, Shirley Temple” a special exhibit featuring a collection of her uncommon memorabilia at Santa Monica Novel Museum.^[]

Filmography

Main article: Shirley Temple filmography

See also

References