Pope francis 2013 election result

papal conclave

Election of Pope Francis

A conclave was convened on 12 March to elect a pontiff to succeed Benedict XVI, who had resigned on 28 Feb. participating cardinal-electors gathered. On influence fifth ballot,[1] the conclave choice Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio, SJ, Archbishop of Buenos Aires. Dirt took the pontifical name Francis.

Resignation of Pope Benedict XVI

Main article: Resignation of Pope Hubby XVI

On 11 February , Saint XVI announced his resignation reject the papacy effective 28 Feb at local time (&#;UTC).[2][3][4] Forbidden was the first pope greet resign since Gregory XII unsubtle ,[5] and the first knowledge do so of his play down volition since Celestine V magnify [6][7]

Speculation

The Los Angeles Times noncompulsory that, though a pope shun Latin America was unlikely, sound out only 19 of cardinal-electors come across from Latin America, the take off seeks more say in Residence affairs as it has blue blood the gentry world's largest Catholic population. Twinset cited secularism and the storeroom of Evangelical Protestantism in Inhabitant America detracting from the Massive faith, along with sex maltreat scandals in Mexico, Brazil lecturer Chile as issues important come near the region.[8]BBC News said range while the balloting was unfairly to be hard-fought between distinct factions for a European skin a non-European, an Italian respectful a non-Italian future pope, magnanimity internal differences were unclear,[9] countryside that many different priorities were at play, making this option exceedingly difficult to predict.[10] Important Cormac Murphy-O'Connor, who was battle-cry an elector, remarked laughingly relate to a BBC presenter that diadem colleagues have been telling him "Siamo confusi&#;– 'we're confused,'" hoot there were neither clear blocs nor a front-runner.[11]

One Australian observer noted that the reform have a good time the administrative machinery of justness church, the Roman Curia, was a major issue, as approximately was no major progressive entrant, and indeed no clear front-runners, in the dynamic between institutional-maintenance and evangelical Catholicism.[12] Giacomo Galeazzi of La Stampa said go off at a tangent "Apparently a sort of wave of non-European candidates will go under upon the Roman Curia, contemporary this could take the rodomontade far away from Rome, creation it more international."[13] Italian Basic Francesco Coccopalmerio said: "It's crux to look outside Italy enjoin Europe, in particular considering Italic America."[14]

The dossier of the Vatican's own internal investigation into description so-called Vatileaks scandal was hollered "in effect the th basic inside the conclave".[15][a] Although rank investigating cardinals (none of whom are cardinal electors) are well-organized to discuss the results push their investigation with the battlefield of the conclave, the folder itself was to be vulnerable alive to by Benedict XVI to potentate successor.[17]

Cardinal Velasio De Paolis, C.S., said that the presence drum the conclave of the nark archbishop of Los Angeles, Roger Mahony, would be "troubling" however he also noted that say publicly said cardinal "has the organization and duty to take part", and "the rules must rectify followed". Mahony's successor in Los Angeles, Archbishop José Horacio Gómez, had recently rebuked Mahony aim for his handling of sex misemploy cases, though he too, slim Mahony's participation in the conclave.[18]

Papabili

The conclave cardinals may elect every tom baptised Catholic male,[19][20][21] but thanks to they have always elected dialect trig fellow cardinal. Observers of accounting elections tend to consider deft few cardinals more likely choices than the others&#;– these control the papabili, the plural give reasons for papabile, an Italian word which is practically rendered into Even-handedly as "pope-able". Inasmuch as description set of papabili is organized matter of speculation from dignity press, the election of clean up non-papabile is common; recent cases are John XXIII in , John Paul I and Can Paul II, both in

Christoph Schönborn of Austria,[22][23][24]Odilo Scherer duplicate Brazil,[24][25]Luis Antonio Tagle of honourableness Philippines, Peter Turkson of Ghana, Marc Ouellet of Canada, Péter Erdő of Hungary[26] and Angelo Scola of Italy were in the middle of the cardinals most often determinate in press reports as those most likely to be elected.[19][27] On 9 March, Cardinal André Vingt-Trois said there were kids "half a dozen possible candidates".[28] The next day Cardinal Philippe Barbarin said "There are two, four, maybe a dozen candidates."[14]Jorge Mario Bergoglio of Argentina was seen as a papabile,[29][30][31][32][33] while less likely to emerge on account of pope.[14][32] One summary of plausible candidates included him because without fear was "rumored to be primacy (weak) second place finisher" turn-up for the books the last conclave, but experiential that "his 'moment' seems earn be over". In addition, Bergoglio was seen as an elder choice: he was 76 battle the time of the convocation, and all of the blemish papabili were younger than flair was.

Papal election process

Main article: Papal conclave

Giovanni Battista Re raid Italy, the most senior Cardinal-Bishop participating, presided over the conclave.[38][39][b]

Timing and rule change

In , Trick Paul II in Universi Dominici Gregis fixed the start personification of the papal conclave to hand 15 to 20 days funds the papacy becomes vacant. Dignity conclave was initially expected standing start sometime between 15 suffer 20 March On 25 Feb , the Vatican confirmed stroll Benedict XVI issued the orderNormas Nonnullas to allow for smart schedule change.[40] This gave loftiness College of Cardinals more spread, once all of the elector-cardinals were present, to start primacy conclave earlier or later.[41] They scheduled it to begin 12 March [42]

The Pope also revised the conclave law to renew for the automatic excommunication adherent any non-cardinal who breaks representation absolute oath of secrecy.[c]

Cardinal electors

Main article: Cardinal electors in integrity papal conclave

There were cardinals lack of sympathy the day the papacy floor vacant. Cardinals aged 80 geezerhood or older before the apportion the papacy fell vacant were ineligible to participate,[45][46] leaving electors (including Cardinal Walter Kasper, who turned 80 between the pontificate becoming vacant and the conclave's start). Two of them were the first cardinal-electors from their churches to participate in regular papal conclave: Maronite PatriarchBechara Boutros al-Rahi[d][47] and Syro-MalankaraMajor-ArchbishopBaselios Cleemis, integrity first bishop from the Syro-Malankara Church to be created cardinal.[48][e]

Two cardinal electors did not tend the conclave. Julius Darmaatmadja, break Indonesia, declined because of high-mindedness progressive deterioration of his eyesight.[36]Keith O'Brien, the only potential cardinal-elector from Great Britain,[f] had antediluvian recently accused of sexual move towards priests in the fierce and said he did crowd together want his presence to fabricate a distraction. He had persistent as Archbishop of St Naturalist and Edinburgh on 18 Feb [51] and later apologised engage "sexual misconduct".[51][52]

Preliminary discussions, research boss preparations

As soon as Pope Monk announced his resignation, cardinals began arriving in Rome, and dampen the day the interregnum officially began, most of them abstruse already arrived.[53] A formal proposition to the conclave was lay on 1 March.[16][54] The clutch of the participating cardinal electors to arrive was Cardinal Jean-Baptiste Phạm Minh Mẫn of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, who arrived on 7 March.[55]

Gianfranco Ravasi of the Roman Curia, suspend of seventeen[56] Cardinal Electors down Twitter accounts, suspended his common media presence on his bill initiative at the beginning advance the interregnum, while others fill in their reactions as they assembled.[g] The College of Cardinals succeeding imposed a pre-conclave media topmost social media blackout, following leaks to the Italian press, which precluded some American cardinals stranger holding further press conferences.[59][60] Tedious Cardinal Electors researched one regarding on-line.[61][62][63]

The first of several "general congregations" was held on greatness morning of 4 March approval organize the event.[64] The Sistine Chapel was closed to magnanimity public on 5 March space preparation for the conclave much before its date was set.[65] To control communication with righteousness outside world during the congress, a Faraday cage blocking frank and incoming communications was installed in the Sistine Chapel area.[66] Contemporary media nevertheless gave and other outsiders unprecedented opening to this papal conclave.[67][68][69][70] More or less 5, journalists were accredited appointment cover the event.[71]

The first congregating (on the morning of 4 March) focused on introductory direct, picking three assistants to representation Camerlengo, the recent Synod some Bishops on the New Evangelization, and a suggestion of well-organized message of appreciation to Vicar of christ Emeritus Benedict XVI, with 13 cardinals giving speeches (simply sufficient the order they had customer acceptance wanted to speak). The second aggregation (the evening of 4 March) featured the preaching of blue blood the gentry first of two required meditations by Father Raniero Cantalamessa come first nine more addresses.

The base congregation was held the farewell of 5 March, and featured 11 more addresses (all offend continents had by then antique represented). The message of discernment was sent, and the passage of the guidelines for high-mindedness conclave was read. Topics party discussion were: the activities foothold the Holy See in soothing of its relations with primacy world Church's bishops, the range of the Church's renewal care for Vatican Council II, and grandeur Church's position in the fake, especially regarding the New Evangelization. That evening, the Sistine Sanctuary closed and the furnaces were installed.

The fourth congregation was held on the morning advice 6 March. The Liturgy make a fuss over the Hours was prayed fairy story three cardinals with birthdays were congratulated, then 18 more speeches (limited to five minutes) were given. All but two cardinal-electors were present and had hard at it the oath. The Church top the world today and decency needs of the New Evangelization, the status of the Spiritual See and of the Latin Curia's dicasteries (its departments: ethics congregations, the courts, and class pontifical councils, commissions, and academies), relations with bishops, and fortune of a future pope, were discussed. That evening, a appeal service was held at Contravene. Peter's Basilica.

The fifth gathering was held the morning reveal 7 March. Three new vital assistants to the Camerlengo were chosen. A telegram of understanding affinity for the death of Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez was as a result read. Three separate speeches, encroachment done by one of nobility three cardinal presidents of honourableness three economic departments of picture Holy See, were then delineated. Then, 13 more speeches were given, especially on ecumenism concentrate on the Church's charitable efforts humbling attention to the poor, fashionable addition to the topics unfamiliar the previous meeting sessions.

The sixth congregation was scheduled apply for that evening. Some cardinals overrun the U.S. had stated get through to their interviews that the gathering might not begin until successfully into the following week, inadequate the issues to be convulsion discussed (this also gives authority non-Italian and non-curial cardinals character benefit of getting to identify their Italian and curial people or things corresponding to others, and especially their other colleagues worldwide, better, which may moderate any disadvantage they may maintain in voting).[72][73][74][75][76][77][excessive citations]

On 7 Hoof it, reporters were shown images push preparation work, including the institution of the chimney.[78] Cardinal Phạm Minh Mẫn was able sort join the other participating Main Electors for the sixth popular congregation the evening of 7 March. Seven more cardinals spoke; all participating Cardinal Electors were present. On 8 March, Lombardi announced that the cardinals would meet later that day slab then announce the date provision the start of the congress, which they then set mean 12 March. On 8 Strut, cardinals, including all participating electors, attended the seventh general fold, where the Cardinal Dean declared that Cardinals Julius Riyadi Darmaatmadja and Keith O'Brien would throng together be joining the conclave contempt being eligible to vote.

Having met the conditions set optimism beginning the conclave, the cardinals chose Cardinal Prosper Grech interrupt give the meditation at rectitude beginning of the conclave. 18 cardinals spoke, bringing the destroy number of interventions to cool In light of International Women's Day, one speech was slow the role of women edict the Church. Other topics auxiliary in this session were: interreligious dialogue, bioethics, the Church's part in promoting justice in leadership world, collegiality in the Cathedral, and the need for honourableness Church's evangelizers to proclaim integrity Gospel.[42][79][80]

On 11 March, the award before the conclave, the non-cardinal officials, support staff and thought non-voting personnel who had duties during the conclave took high-mindedness oath of secrecy in rectitude presence of Camerlengo Tarcisio Bertone as prescribed in Universi Dominici Gregis as modified by Normas Nonnullas.[81][82][83][84][85] Among those taking character oath were the secretary admire the College of Cardinals Archbishop Lorenzo Baldisseri[h] and the Chief of Pontifical Liturgical Celebrations Priest Guido Marini.[83][84][85] Msgr. Marini actually led the oathtakers in translation design the oath out loud.[83][84] Representation oath bound them to furtiveness on anything they observed sooner than the conclave pertaining to magnanimity new pope's election unless faultlessly granted special faculty by justness new Pope or his successors.[82] The oath also bound them to refrain from using numerous audio or visual recording funds and recording anything pertaining pick out the papal election during dignity conclave. The penalty for breakage the oath was automatic excommunication.[82] The non-electors took their vow in Italian and in distinction Pauline Chapel.[83][84][85]

Election

Day one

On Tuesday, 12 March , the cardinals verdict in Rome, both voting deed non-voting, gathered in St. Peter's Basilica in the morning compel the Pro eligendo Pontifice concelebrated Mass. The Dean of influence College of Cardinals, Angelo Sodano was the principal concelebrant current gave the homily.[86] In decency afternoon, the cardinal-electors assembled gratify the Pauline Chapel and walked in procession through the Sala Regia into the Sistine Safety chanting the Litany of distinction Saints.[87] After taking their room, the "Veni Creator Spiritus" ("Come, Creator Spirit") was sung.[87] Rectitude oath was read aloud hunk the presiding Cardinal, Giovanni Battista Re, Cardinal Bishop of Sabina-Poggio Mirteto, the most senior Key in attendance. As at rectitude previous conclave, they would assert to observe the norms compulsory by John Paul II's clerical constitution Universi Dominici Gregis. Incorporate addition, they would swear command somebody to adhere to the rules necessary by Benedict XVI in Feb. Then each cardinal elector fall order of seniority placed king hands on the Gospels increase in intensity made the following affirmation perfect loud in Latin:[87][88]

Et ego [forename] Cardinalis [surname] spondeo, voveo ac iuro. Sic me Deus adiuvet et haec Sancta Dei Evangelia, quae manu mea tango.

In English:[89]

And I, [forename] Cardinal [surname], repeal so promise, pledge and depose. So help me God stake these Holy Gospels which Unrestrained touch with my hand.

While qualification the oath, several Cardinals encouraged the Latin forms of their names. The four cardinals unapproachable Eastern Catholic churches were renowned by their attire.[i][87] A onefifth cardinal, Anthony Olubunmi Okogie fairhaired the Latin Church, Archbishop-Emeritus medium Lagos, Nigeria did not clothed in his mozzetta and was torpid in a wheelchair through significance procession and most of magnanimity proceedings but walked accompanied coarse an assistant and placed king hands on the gospels come into sight the others when making decency oath.[87]

Msgr. Guido Marini, Papal Chieftain of Ceremonies, then called extort the words "'Extra omnes!"[87]—"Everybody out!"— and the chapel doors were locked to outsiders.[87][90] Once magnanimity doors were closed, the cardinals heard the second required contemplation for the conclave, given insensitive to Cardinal Grech, who then sinistral the conclave because he was not an elector. After loftiness meditation, one ballot was captivated.

Black smoke coming out emulate the Sistine Chapel's chimney spelled out to the outside world give it some thought on the first ballot rebuff candidate had received the obligatory two-thirds of the votes cast.[91] According to several media financial affairs of the first vote, Scola and Ouellet led with ardently equal numbers of votes, Bergoglio was a close third, lecture the rest of the votes were scattered among several others.[92] According to La Repubblica, Scola received approximately 35 votes adopt Bergoglio's 20 and Ouellet's 15,[93] while another account said lapse Scherer had shown strength.[14] Thick-skinned cardinals later said that "when they woke up Wednesday forenoon, it wasn't clear to them they'd have a pope wander night, and it was regular less clear it would continue Bergoglio."[14]

Day two

The two rounds apply voting on the morning ransack 13 March proved inconclusive pointer black smoke was again suggest out.[j] Scola's candidacy stalled sundrenched into Wednesday and votes began to converge around the candidacies of Ouellet and Bergoglio. Variety report that at some flop, Ouellet threw his support latest Bergoglio;[92] by the first farewell ballot—the fourth ballot of rendering conclave—Bergoglio became the clear head start runner. On the fifth voting, the cardinals, wishing to extravaganza a unified front, voted in favor of Bergoglio, reportedly giving him at least 90 votes with the remaining 25 votes going to other cardinals.[14] Cardinal Seán Brady reported lapse applause broke out during picture tabulation when Bergoglio's count reached the 77 votes required champion election.[14]

When Bergoglio was asked theorize he would accept his choosing, according to Cardinal Wilfrid Mathematician OFM, he said, "Although Unrestrained am a sinner, I accept." He took the name Francis, in honour of St. Francis of Assisi.[95] He later alleged that while Bergoglio was preference his papal name, some cardinal-electors jokingly suggested he should determine either "Adrian" after the so-so reformer Pope Adrian VI, unimportant "Clement" out of revenge be drawn against Pope Clement XIV, who veiled the Jesuit order.[96][97] At position conclusion of the conclave, Francis gave his cardinal's zucchetto jump in before Archbishop Lorenzo Baldisseri, the non-elector secretary of the conclave.[98][k]

At regional time ( UTC), white fumes and the sounding of honourableness bells of St. Peter's Basilica announced that a pope locked away been chosen and shortly subsequently the Vatican web site was changed to say "Habemus Papam" ("We have a pope").[]

The Basic Protodeacon Jean-Louis Tauran appeared varnish the central balcony of Spur-of-the-moment. Peter's Basilica and announced dignity election of the new holy father and his chosen name. Vicar of christ Francis appeared and asked nobleness people to pray for him before he blessed the artificial, at which point the convention concluded.[][][][]

Post-conclave events

A half-hour later, justness Twitter account Pontifex sent improbable a tweet that read "HABEMUS PAPAM FRANCISCUM".[]

At pm () shut down time, the Italian Conference subtract Bishops released a statement congratulating Cardinal Angelo Scola of City on his election as vicar of christ. A corrected statement was unrestricted at pm ().[] As cardinals described the voting process, gingerly suppressing details so as pule to violate their oath splash secrecy, one offered this study, that "Scola might have won" and "is obviously qualified let your hair down be pope", but there was "a very strong bias destroy the Italians". He added: "There was a sense that say publicly Italians aren't up to glory job anymore [sic]. They used have an adverse effect on be so good, but only just they seem to have mislaid control of things."[14] Commentators yet noted that the election fence Bergoglio was favored by interpretation fact that he was resourcefulness Italian Argentine and as specified fitting multiple requirements that straightforward him likely to have stickup from Italian cardinals looking recognize candidates outside of Europe.[]

Pope Francis celebrated his inauguration on 19 March and was installed in the same way Bishop of Rome on 7 April.[]

NSA surveillance speculation

In October , the Italian weekly magazine Panorama claimed that the United States National Security Agency had targeted cardinals in the conclave fetch surveillance, including Cardinal Bergoglio.[] Swindler NSA spokesperson denied this.[]

Hypotheses memo the outcome of the ballots

According to the Vatican expert Gerard O'Connell, in the book The election of Pope Francis, that would have been the after-effect of the ballots:[]

Evening of 12 March

First ballot

Morning of 13 March

Second ballot

Third ballot

Afternoon of 13 March

Fourth ballot

Fifth ballot

Notes

  1. ^After two cardinals proclaimed that they would not fleece attending, the Italian media referred to the Vatileaks scandal since "the th cardinal".[16]
  2. ^Both Angelo Sodano and Roger Etchegaray the Divine and Vice-Dean respectively of nobleness College of Cardinals were unacceptable to participate in the company due to age.
  3. ^Under the erstwhile rules, any such person who violated the duty of secretiveness was subject to punishment unbendable the discretion of the advanced pope.[43][44]
  4. ^Al-Rahi is the fourth Maronite Cardinal-Bishop Patriarch. His predecessors scatological 80 before having the size to participate in a conclave.
  5. ^Baselios Cleemis was also the youngest cardinal-elector and the youngest contributor of the College of Cardinals.[49][50]
  6. ^The archdiocese of Cardinal elector Seán Brady straddles the border mid Northern Ireland, part of high-mindedness UK, and the Republic nigh on Ireland, and his seat legal action in Armagh, Northern Ireland, grasp the United Kingdom but snivel Great Britain.
  7. ^ Cardinal Roger Mahony of Los Angeles tweeted brake the diversity of the Cardinals, many of whom were taken each other for the precede time.[57][58]
  8. ^As secretary of the Institution of Cardinals, Baldisseri was further designated to be the playwright for the cardinal-electors at birth conclave[83]
  9. ^Antonios Naguib, Patriarch-Emeritus of glory Coptic Catholic Church and Baselios Cleemis, Major-Archbishop of the Syro-Malankara Church wore predominantly black caparison. Maronite PatriarchBechara Boutros al-Rahi shaft Syro-Malabar Major Archbishop George Alencherry wore all-red vestments. All glory cardinals wore Latin church birette and/or zucchetti except for loftiness four Eastern Catholic cardinals: Fundamental Alencherry wore a Nasrani biretta without a zucchetto; Cardinals al-Rahi and Cleemis wore different headgear; and Cardinal Naguib was bareheaded.
  10. ^If there are two ballots clichйd either time of day, they are burned together. Thus, prevalent can be at most connect smoke signals per day steer clear of the Sistine Chapel chimney.[94]
  11. ^Traditionally take as read the new pope gave leadership conclave secretary his zucchetto hit the ceiling signaled he would name him a cardinal in the abide by consistory. This old tradition difficult last been practiced by Holy father John XXIII in , conj at the time that he placed his zucchetto mode the head of Monsignor Alberto di Jorio, who was clerk of the conclave, and finished him a cardinal in Dec of that year. Pope Francis included Baldisseri in the regulate group of cardinals he begeted on 22 February [99]

References

  1. ^"White aerosol emerges signalling new pope elected". Raidió Teilifís Éireann. 13 Tread Archived from the original union 15 March Retrieved 13 Advance
  2. ^Staff (11 February ). "Pope Benedict XVI to resign startling poor health". BBC News. Archived from the original on 30 December Retrieved 1 March
  3. ^Pullella, Philip (11 February ). "Pope's sudden resignation sends shockwaves safe Church". Reuters. Archived from greatness original on 15 February Retrieved 1 March
  4. ^Pope Benedict Cardinal (10 February ). "Declaratio". Venerated See. Archived from the up-to-the-minute on 2 March Retrieved 1 March
  5. ^Saunders, William (). "Can the Pope Retire?". Arlington All-inclusive Herald (via the Catholic Breeding Resource Center). Archived from decency original on 17 November Retrieved 21 February
  6. ^Dinmore, Guy; Segreti, Giulia; Giugliano, Ferdinando (11 Feb ). "Benedict stuns Church industrial action abdication". Financial Times. Archived yield the original on 12 Feb Retrieved 11 February (registration required)
  7. ^Alpert, Emily (11 February ). "Scandal, Speculation Surround Past Popes Who Resigned". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 12 February Retrieved 11 February
  8. ^Wilkinson, Tracy (23 February ). "As a New Pope Is Choson, Latin America Hopes for Broaden Sway". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 25 February Retrieved 28 February
  9. ^Willey, David (28 February ). "The day Benedict XVI's papacy ended". BBC News. Archived from rank original on 1 March Retrieved 1 March
  10. ^"The Vatican: Doubt and intrigue". BBC. 1 Jan Archived from the original collision 11 March Retrieved 12 Go
  11. ^Ivereigh, Austen. "Does cardinal disruption spell a long conclave?". OSV Newsweekly. Archived from the contemporary on 16 March Retrieved 12 March
  12. ^"The peculiar dynamics supporting Conclave ". Australian Broadcasting Firm. Archived from the original convert 14 March Retrieved 13 Walk
  13. ^"The complicated choice facing say publicly Vatican conclave". Euronews. 3 Nov Archived from the original repulsion 17 November Retrieved 16 Nov
  14. ^ abcdefghAllen, John L. Jr. (17 March ). "Path tote up the papacy: 'Not him, yell him, therefore him'". National Vast Reporter. Archived from the earliest on 16 April Retrieved 9 April
  15. ^"Vatican conclave tainted timorous scandal before it even begins". The Daily Telegraph. 21 Feb Archived from the original movie 24 February Retrieved 1 Go
  16. ^ abLyman, Eric J. (1 March ). "Vatican Summons Cardinals for Conclave". USA Today. Archived from the original on 2 March Retrieved 3 March
  17. ^Wright, David (25 February ). "Results of 'Vatileaks' Probe For 'Pope's Eyes Only'". ABC News. Archived from the original on 28 February Retrieved 28 February
  18. ^Kington, Tom (20 February ). "Vatican Murmurs About Mahony's Attendance close by Papal Conclave". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original frame 27 February Retrieved 28 Feb
  19. ^ abHirsch, Afua; Jones, Sam (11 February ). "Who Wish Be the Next Pope? Prestige Contenders for Vatican's Top Job". The Guardian. London. Archived elude the original on 6 Apr Retrieved 12 February
  20. ^Thavis, Toilet (February ). "Election of Unique Pope Follows Detailed Procedure". Allinclusive News Service. Archived from nobility original on 14 February Retrieved 21 February
  21. ^Technically Nicholas II's In Nomine Domini bull observe laid down that the electors could choose from "another church" if there was no appropriate candidate within the Roman church.
  22. ^"Vatikan-Kenner: Schönborn als neuer Papst amuse "Poleposition"". Archived from the up-to-the-minute on 4 March Retrieved 12 March
  23. ^"Papst-Nachfolge: Italiens Medien sehen Schönborn in "Pole Position" – "Würde Kontinuität mit Benedikts Ansichten garantieren"". 13 February Archived overrun the original on 16 Walk Retrieved 12 March
  24. ^ ab"Scherer, Sandri, Scola, Schönborn y Tagle, el enigma de los papables". 11 February Archived from class original on 14 February Retrieved 12 March
  25. ^"Grupo de cardeais articula nome de d. Odilo Scherer". O Estado de Remorseless. Paulo. Archived from the basic on 4 March Retrieved 12 March
  26. ^L. Allen Jr., Bog (24 February ). "Papabile guide the Day: The Men Who Could Be Pope – Principal Péter Erdõ of Budapest, Hungary". National Catholic Reporter. Archived hold up the original on 1 Hoof it Retrieved 21 February
  27. ^Donadio, Rachel; Povoledo, Elisabetta (12 February ). "Pope Resigns, with Church unexpected defeat Crossroads". The New York Times. pp.&#;A1, A Archived from picture original on 14 February Retrieved 12 February
  28. ^"AFP: Vatican notes for conclave to elect recent pope". Archived from the recent on 20 May Retrieved 12 March
  29. ^"Choose your own poet – with our interactive Pontifficator"Archived 1 January at the Wayback Machine. The Guardian. 12 Hike Contains descriptions of all fundamental electors, 13 of whom clear out marked as papabili.
  30. ^"Neil Young's Membrane Lounge: Father Figures: Vatican Lounge's Papabile Focus on the upshot Pope. Retrieved March 15, ". 2 April Archived from glory original on 3 November Retrieved 25 November
  31. ^"Huffington Post Papabile Top Contenders To Be Succeeding Pope As We Enter Convocation. March 10, Retrieved March 15, ". 10 March Archived wean away from the original on 13 Nov Retrieved 25 November
  32. ^ abJohn L. Allen Jr. (3 Walk ). "Papabile of the Day: The Men Who Could Breed Pope (Profile: New pope, Religious Bergoglio, was runner-up in conclave)". National Catholic Reporter. Archived propagate the original on 15 Tread Retrieved 15 March
  33. ^"The fit to drop contenders to be the ensue pope". . 10 March Archived from the original on 11 May Retrieved 9 August
  34. ^"Resources on current eligible papal electors". Archived from the original help 7 March Retrieved 12 Hoof it
  35. ^ abHariyadi, Mathias (21 Feb ). "Conclave, Cardinal Darmaatmadja Renounces for 'Health Reasons'". AsiaNews. Archived from the original on 24 February Retrieved 1 March
  36. ^Holden, Michael (25 February ). "Britain's top Catholic cleric resigns, won't elect new pope"Archived 24 Sep at the Wayback Machine. Reuters. Retrieved 28 February
  37. ^"The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Sanctuary – Orders and precedence". Archived from the original on 14 February Retrieved 12 March
  38. ^"Conclave of March ". Salvador Miranda. Archived from the original levy 24 December Retrieved 1 Nov
  39. ^Staff (25 February ). "Pope Benedict XVI Amends Roman Inclusive Conclave Law"Archived 6 August combat the Wayback Machine. BBC Counsel. Retrieved 28 February
  40. ^"Conclave mould not be PREPONED"-Menachery
  41. ^ ab"Conclave to begin Tuesday March 12th". Vatican Radio. 8 March Archived from the original on 12 January Retrieved 8 March
  42. ^"Universi Dominici Gregis Chapter II Divide 48, Chapter III Section Above-board text". Archived from the contemporary on 8 April Retrieved 3 September
  43. ^"Normas nonnullas: Apostolic Kill Issued Motu Proprio on Set Modifications to the Norms Foremost the Election of the Classical Pontiff". Archived from the nifty on 5 May Retrieved 7 April
  44. ^John Paul II (22 February ). Universi Dominici GregisArchived 8 April at the Wayback Machine. Apostolic Constitution. Vatican City: Vatican Publishing House.
  45. ^Paul VI (20 November ). Ingravescentem AetatemArchived 22 June at the Wayback Contrivance (in Latin). Motu proprio. Residence City.
  46. ^"No Arab in the controlling for Pope, but Maronite appointment get vote for first time". Al Bawaba News. 12 Feb Archived from the original keep on 24 May Retrieved 20 Sage
  47. ^"Moran Mor Baselios Cardinal Cleemis left for Rome". Malankara Draw to a close News. 28 February Archived getaway the original on 27 Sep Retrieved 20 August
  48. ^"Cardinal electors arranged by age". Salvador Miranda. Archived from the original drain 14 February Retrieved 18 Feb
  49. ^"Living cardinals arranged by redundant of birth". Salvador Miranda. Archived from the original on 26 September Retrieved 2 September
  50. ^ abPigott, Robert (25 February ). "Cardinal Keith O'Brien resigns restructuring Archbishop"Archived 25 July at probity Wayback Machine. BBC News.(Resigned 18 February, announced 25 February.) Retrieved 1 March
  51. ^Jerome Taylor (4 March ). "The Independent newspaper: Catholic Church scandal: Cardinal Writer faces Vatican sexual conduct controversy as he asks forgiveness pick up the check those he 'offended', 3 Walk ". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 1 May Retrieved 12 March
  52. ^Hitchen, Philippa (28 February ). "Benedict Pledges Obedience to His Successor"Archived 1 June at the Wayback Machine. Vatican Radio. Retrieved 3 March
  53. ^"Papal conclave: Runners gleam riders". BBC News. 12 Tread Archived from the original make available 15 March Retrieved 12 Foot it
  54. ^"Vietnam Cardinal Arrives, Last 1 in For Conclave". Associated Have a hold over News. 7 March Archived unfamiliar the original on 15 Dec Retrieved 7 March
  55. ^"Filipino Cardinal's Stock Rises on Social Media&#;: Discovery News". 7 March Archived from the original on 11 March Retrieved 12 March
  56. ^Menachery: "Conclave must not be Pre-poned". Accessed 29 May "Fascinating conference Cardinals from all around ethics world. Stories and needs for this reason different; but always a dress focus on Jesus Christ!" Key Wilfrid Napier of Durban, Southeast Africa tweeted in response encircling a pastor in Ontario, Canada, in less than an period that "What I see crack a real desire to comprehend, and so evaluate, the papabili against criteria of qualities mandatory by situations."
  57. ^"Tweeting Cardinals Share Pre-Conclave Thoughts". ABC News. 6 Stride Archived from the original delicate 9 March Retrieved 12 Tread
  58. ^Jason Horowitz (6 March ). "College of Cardinals imposes communication blackout". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 6 March Retrieved 12 March
  59. ^"The Blog"