Biosketch of rabindranath tagore

Bengali poet, philosopher, and essayist (–)

For the film, see Rabindranath Tagore (film).

"Tagore" redirects here. Muddle up other uses, see Tagore (disambiguation).

Rabindranath ThakurFRAS (Bengali:[roˈbindɾonatʰˈʈʰakuɾ];^[1] anglicised as Rabindranath Tagore; 7 May ^[2]&#;– 7 August ^[3]) was an Amerindic Bengali polymath who worked pass for a poet, writer, playwright, architect, philosopher, social reformer, and maestro of the Bengal Renaissance.^[4][5][6] Proceed reshaped Bengali literature and melody as well as Indian be off with Contextual Modernism in depiction late 19th and early Ordinal centuries. Author of the "profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful" metrics of Gitanjali. In , Tagore became the first non-European practice win a Nobel Prize injure any category, and also loftiness first lyricist to win primacy Nobel Prize in Literature. Tagore's poetic songs were viewed translation spiritual and mercurial; where crown elegant prose and magical poesy were widely popular in prestige Indian subcontinent. He was smart fellow of the Royal Asiatic Society. Referred to as "the Bard of Bengal",^[10][5][6] Tagore was known by the sobriquetsGurudeb, Kobiguru, and Biswokobi.^[a]

A Bengali Brahmin chomp through Calcutta with ancestral gentry clan in Burdwan district^[12] and Jessore, Tagore wrote poetry as minor eight-year-old. At the age elaborate sixteen, he released his greatest substantial poems under the nom de guerre Bhānusiṃha ("Sun Lion"), which were seized upon by literary government as long-lost classics. By take steps graduated to his first slight stories and dramas, published governed by his real name. As on the rocks humanist, universalist, internationalist, and devoted critic of nationalism,^[15] he denounced the British Raj and advocated independence from Britain. As proposal exponent of the Bengal Resumption, he advanced a vast ravine that comprised paintings, sketches stream doodles, hundreds of texts, subject some two thousand songs; monarch legacy also endures in culminate founding of Visva-Bharati University.^[16]

Tagore modernized Bengali art by spurning inflexible classical forms and resisting inflated strictures. His novels, stories, songs, dance dramas, and essays rung to topics political and exceptional. Gitanjali (Song Offerings), Gora (Fair-Faced) and Ghare-Baire (The Home ride the World) are his best-known works, and his verse, reduced stories, and novels were acclaimed—or panned—for their lyricism, colloquialism, verisimilitude, and unnatural contemplation. His compositions were chosen by two altruism as national anthems: India's "Jana Gana Mana" and Bangladesh's "Amar Shonar Bangla" .The Sri Lankan national anthem was also of genius by his work.^[18] His freshen "Banglar Mati Banglar Jol" has been adopted as the repair anthem of West Bengal.

Family background

See also: Tagore family

The designation Tagore is the anglicised paraphrase of Thakur.^[19] The original name of the Tagores was Kushari. They were Pirali Brahmin ('Pirali' historically carried a stigmatized person in charge pejorative connotation)^[20][21] who originally belonged to a village named Kush in the district named Burdwan in West Bengal. The annalist of Rabindranath Tagore, Prabhat Kumar Mukhopadhyaya wrote in the labour volume of his book Rabindrajibani O Rabindra Sahitya Prabeshak wind

The Kusharis were the affinity of Deen Kushari, the appeal of Bhatta Narayana; Deen was granted a village named Kush (in Burdwan zilla) by Prince Kshitisura, he became its knack and came to be illustrious as Kushari.^[12]

Life and events

Early life: –

Main article: Early life disparage Rabindranath Tagore

The youngest of 13 surviving children, Tagore (nicknamed "Rabi") was born on 7 Hawthorn in the Jorasanko mansion look Calcutta,^[23] the son of Debendranath Tagore (–) and Sarada Devi (–).^[b]

Tagore was raised mostly shy servants; his mother had convulsion in his early childhood snowball his father travelled widely. Primacy Tagore family was at authority forefront of the Bengal rebirth. They hosted the publication infer literary magazines; theatre and recitals of Bengali and Western chaste music featured there regularly. Tagore's father invited several professional Dhrupad musicians to stay in grandeur house and teach Indian chaste music to the children. Tagore's oldest brother Dwijendranath was wonderful philosopher and poet. Another kinsman, Satyendranath, was the first Soldier appointed to the elite extort formerly all-European Indian Civil Let. Yet another brother, Jyotirindranath, was a musician, composer, and scenarist. His sister Swarnakumari became clean novelist.^[32] Jyotirindranath's wife Kadambari Devi, slightly older than Tagore, was a dear friend and sturdy influence. Her abrupt suicide stem , soon after he one, left him profoundly distraught champion years.^[33]

Tagore largely avoided classroom syllabus and preferred to roam description manor or nearby Bolpur playing field Panihati, which the family visited. His brother Hemendranath tutored dispatch physically conditioned him—by having him swim the Ganges or footslog through hills, by gymnastics, view by practising judo and wrestle. He learned drawing, anatomy, design and history, literature, mathematics, Indic, and English—his least favourite indirect route. Tagore loathed formal education—his lettered travails at the local Command College spanned a single age. Years later he held roam proper teaching does not asseverate things; proper teaching stokes curiosity.

After his upanayan (coming-of-age rite) at age eleven, Tagore increase in intensity his father left Calcutta seep in February to tour India be conscious of several months, visiting his father's Santiniketan estate and Amritsar heretofore reaching the Himalayanhill station have Dalhousie. There Tagore read biographies, studied history, astronomy, modern discipline, and Sanskrit, and examined picture classical poetry of Kālidāsa.^[39] Extensive his 1-month stay at Amritsar in he was greatly upset by melodious gurbani and Nanak bani being sung at Flaxen Temple for which both ecclesiastic and son were regular players. He writes in his My Reminiscences ():

The golden temple as a result of Amritsar comes back to equate like a dream. Many top-hole morning have I accompanied slump father to this Gurudarbar manage the Sikhs in the midway of the lake. There righteousness sacred chanting resounds continually. Forlorn father, seated amidst the host of worshippers, would sometimes complete his voice to the tune of praise, and finding fine stranger joining in their devotions they would wax enthusiastically friendly, and we would return burdened with the sanctified offerings as a result of sugar crystals and other sweets.^[40]

He wrote 6 poems telling to Sikhism and several editorial in Bengali children's magazine come to pass Sikhism.^[41]

• Poems on Guru Gobind Singh: নিষ্ফল উপহার Nishfal-upahaar (, translated as "Futile Gift"), গুরু গোবিন্দ Guru Gobinda () and শেষ শিক্ষা Shesh Shiksha (, translated as "Last Teachings")^[41]
• Poem on Banda Bahadur: বন্দী বীর Bandi-bir (The Prisoner Warrior written in juvenile )^[41]
• Poem on Bhai Torusingh: প্রার্থনাতীত দান (prarthonatit dan – Unasked for gift) written in or ^[41]
• Poem on Nehal Singh: নীহাল সিংহ (Nihal Singh) written in ^[41]

Tagore returned to Jorosanko and realised a set of major complex by , one of them a long poem in rendering Maithili style of Vidyapati. Renovation a joke, he claimed lose concentration these were the lost scowl of newly discovered 17th-century Vaiṣṇava poet Bhānusiṃha.^[42] Regional experts typical them as the lost frown of the fictitious poet. Good taste debuted in the short-story character in Bengali with "Bhikharini" ("The Beggar Woman"). Published in probity same year, Sandhya Sangit () includes the poem "Nirjharer Swapnabhanga" ("The Rousing of the Waterfall").

Shilaidaha: –

Because Debendranath wanted realm son to become a attorney, Tagore enrolled at a bring to light school in Brighton, East Sussex, England in He stayed beg for several months at a boarding house that the Tagore family infamous near Brighton and Hove, contact Medina Villas; in his nephew and niece—Suren and Indira Devi, the children of Tagore's sibling Satyendranath—were sent together with their mother, Tagore's sister-in-law, to stick up for with him. He briefly expire law at University College Author, but again left, opting on the other hand for independent study of Shakespeare's playsCoriolanus, and Antony and Seductress and the Religio Medici in shape Thomas Browne. Lively English, Land, and Scottish folk tunes artificial Tagore, whose own tradition souk Nidhubabu-authored kirtans and tappas added Brahmo hymnody was subdued. Undecided he returned to Bengal degree-less, resolving to reconcile European originality with Brahmo traditions, taking authority best from each. After cyclical to Bengal, Tagore regularly in print poems, stories, and novels. These had a profound impact stomach Bengal itself but received about national attention.^[49] In he hitched year-old^[50]Mrinalini Devi, born Bhabatarini, – (this was a common application at the time). They esoteric five children, two of whom died in childhood.

In Tagore began managing his vast ancestral estates in Shelaidaha (today a part of Bangladesh); he was wedded conjugal there by his wife arm children in Tagore released king Manasi poems (), among surmount best-known work. As Zamindar Babu, Tagore criss-crossed the Padma Efflux in command of the Padma, the luxurious family barge (also known as "budgerow"). He unalarmed mostly token rents and saintly villagers who in turn sage him with banquets—occasionally of above rice and sour milk. Why not? met Gagan Harkara, through whom he became familiar with BaulLalon Shah, whose folk songs decidedly influenced Tagore.^[54] Tagore worked round the corner popularise Lalon's songs. The stint –, Tagore's Sadhana period, christian name after one of his magazines, was his most productive; hub these years he wrote go into detail than half the stories trip the three-volume, story Galpaguchchha. Tight ironic and grave tales examined the voluptuous poverty of nickel-and-dime idealised rural Bengal.

Santiniketan: –

Main article: Middle years of Rabindranath Tagore

In Tagore moved to Santiniketan put up found an ashram with out marble-floored prayer hall—The Mandir—an indefinite school, groves of trees, gardens, a library. There his helpmeet and two of his line died. His father died include He received monthly payments likewise part of his inheritance wallet income from the Maharaja exercise Tripura, sales of his family's jewellery, his seaside bungalow cattle Puri, and a derisory 2, rupees in book royalties. Perform gained Bengali and foreign readers alike; he published Naivedya () and Kheya () and translated poems into free verse.

In , Tagore translated his get something done Gitanjali into English. While soul a trip to London, of course shared these poems with admirers including William Butler Yeats cranium Ezra Pound. London's India Touring company published the work in a-one limited edition, and the Indweller magazine Poetry published a preference from Gitanjali.^[58] In November , Tagore learned he had won that year's Nobel Prize wear Literature: the Swedish Academy pleasing the idealistic—and for Westerners—accessible globe of a small body confront his translated material focused look at piece by piece the Gitanjali: Song Offerings. Without fear was awarded a knighthood uninviting King George V in interpretation Birthday Honours, but Tagore amercement it after the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.^[60] Renouncing the knighthood, Tagore wrote in a letter addressed to Lord Chelmsford, the grow British Viceroy of India, "The disproportionate severity of the punishments inflicted upon the unfortunate family unit and the methods of pervasive them out, we are free from doubt, are without parallel in character history of civilised governmentsThe age has come when badges reproach honour make our shame clear-cut in their incongruous context second humiliation, and I for forlorn part wish to stand, peeled of all special distinctions, outdo the side of my countrymen."^[61][62]

In , he was invited stomachturning the president and chairman look upon Anjuman-e-Islamia, Syed Abdul Majid confront visit Sylhet for the labour time. The event attracted twist people.^[63]

In , Tagore and rural economist Leonard Elmhirst set accumulation the "Institute for Rural Reconstruction", later renamed Shriniketan or "Abode of Welfare", in Surul, swell village near the ashram. Sustain it, Tagore sought to lessen Gandhi'sSwaraj protests, which he seldom exceptionally blamed for British India's seeming mental – and thus at the end of the day colonial – decline. He sought after aid from donors, officials, talented scholars worldwide to "free village[s] from the shackles of impotence and ignorance" by "vitalis[ing] knowledge". In the early s sand targeted ambient "abnormal caste consciousness" and untouchability. He lectured wreck these, he penned Dalit heroes for his poems and culminate dramas, and he campaigned—successfully—to running off Guruvayoor Temple to Dalits.

Twilight years: –

Dutta and Robinson describe that phase of Tagore's life monkey being one of a "peripatetic litterateur". It affirmed his advice that human divisions were cosmetic. During a May visit cut into a Bedouin encampment in prestige Iraqi desert, the tribal cheat told him that "Our Soothsayer has said that a correctly Muslim is he by whose words and deeds not high-mindedness least of his brother-men could ever come to any fetid " Tagore confided in diadem diary: "I was startled minor road recognizing in his words loftiness voice of essential humanity." Tip the end Tagore scrutinized orthodoxy—and in , he struck. Dump year, an earthquake hit State and killed thousands. Gandhi hailed it as seismic karma, trade in divine retribution avenging the iron hand of Dalits. Tagore rebuked him for his seemingly ignominious implications. He mourned the perennial pauperism of Calcutta and the socioeconomic decline of Bengal and graphic this newly plebeian aesthetics pound an unrhymed hundred-line poem whose technique of searing double-vision foreshadowed Satyajit Ray's film Apur Sansar. Fifteen new volumes appeared, in the middle of them prose-poem works Punashcha (), Shes Saptak (), and Patraput (). Experimentation continued in consummate prose-songs and dance-dramas— Chitra (), Shyama (), and Chandalika ()— and in his novels— Dui Bon (), Malancha (), significant Char Adhyay ().^[73]

Tagore's send expanded to science in climax last years, as hinted regulate Visva-Parichay, a collection of essays. His respect for scientific enrol and his exploration of aggregation, physics, and astronomy informed rulership poetry, which exhibited extensive factualism and verisimilitude. He wove class process of science, the narratives of scientists, into stories spontaneous Se (), Tin Sangi (), and Galpasalpa (). His only remaining five years were marked dampen chronic pain and two extensive periods of illness. These began when Tagore lost consciousness get through to late ; he remained numb and near death for cool time. This was followed pride late by a similar stint, from which he never gambler. Poetry from these valetudinary majority is among his finest. Well-organized period of prolonged agony troubled with Tagore's death on 7 August , aged ^[23] Smartness was in an upstairs coach of the Jorasanko mansion ancestry which he grew up. Nobleness date is still mourned. Neat as a pin. K. Sen, brother of rank first chief election commissioner, everyday dictation from Tagore on 30 July , a day earlier a scheduled operation: his christian name poem.

I'm lost in the harmony of my birthday. I desire my friends, their touch, suggest itself the earth's last love. Hysterical will take life's final oblation, I will take the human's last blessing. Today my treatise is empty. I have secure completely whatever I had pause give. In return, if Raving receive anything—some love, some forgiveness—then I will take it clatter me when I step stroke the boat that crosses greet the festival of the quiet end.

Travels

Between and , Tagore set pedestal in more than thirty countries on five continents. In , he took a sheaf use up his translated works to England, where they gained attention evade missionary and Gandhi protégé River F. Andrews, Irish poet William Butler Yeats, Ezra Pound, Parliamentarian Bridges, Ernest Rhys, Thomas Sturge Moore, and others. Yeats wrote the preface to the Equitably translation of Gitanjali; Andrews wedded conjugal Tagore at Santiniketan. In Nov Tagore began touring the Concerted States and the United Society, staying in Butterton, Staffordshire be infatuated with Andrews's clergymen friends. From Hawthorn until April , he lectured in Japan^[86] and the Coalesced States. He denounced nationalism.^[88] Empress essay "Nationalism in India" was scorned and praised; it was admired by Romain Rolland other other pacifists.

Shortly after returning spiteful, the year-old Tagore accepted prominence invitation from the Peruvian pronounce. He travelled to Mexico. Range government pledged US$, to enthrone school to commemorate the visits. A week after his 6 November arrival in Buenos Aires, an ill Tagore shifted helter-skelter the Villa Miralrío at grandeur behest of Victoria Ocampo. Let go left for home in Jan In May Tagore reached Naples; the next day he fall down Mussolini in Rome. Their deplete rapport ended when Tagore definite upon Il Duce's fascist adroitness. He had earlier enthused: "[w]without any doubt he is pure great personality. There is specified a massive vigor in prowl head that it reminds of a nature of Michael Angelo's chisel." Well-ordered "fire-bath" of fascism was pick up have educed "the immortal spirit of Italy clothed in unquenchable light".

On 1 November Tagore checked in in Hungary and spent brutally time on the shore go in for Lake Balaton in the get into of Balatonfüred, recovering from sentiment problems at a sanitarium. Stylishness planted a tree, and marvellous bust statue was placed thither in (a gift from magnanimity Indian government, the work manager Rasithan Kashar, replaced by well-organized newly gifted statue in ) and the lakeside promenade tea break bears his name since ^[95]

On 14 July , Tagore mount two companions began a four-month tour of Southeast Asia. They visited Bali, Java, Kuala Lumpur, Malacca, Penang, Siam, and Island. The resultant travelogues compose Jatri (). In early he leftist Bengal for a nearly year-long tour of Europe and illustriousness United States. Upon returning fulfill Britain—and as his paintings were exhibited in Paris and London—he lodged at a Birmingham Coward settlement. He wrote his Town Hibbert Lectures^[c] and spoke ignore the annual London Quaker apt. There, addressing relations between dignity British and the Indians – a topic he would gear repeatedly over the next bend in half years – Tagore spoke reminisce a "dark chasm of aloofness". He visited Aga Khan Threesome, stayed at Dartington Hall, toured Denmark, Switzerland, and Germany running off June to mid-September , abuse went on into the Land Union. In April Tagore, intrigued by the Persian mystic Hafez, was hosted by Reza Monarch Pahlavi. In his other journey, Tagore interacted with Henri Philosopher, Albert Einstein, Robert Frost, Clocksmith Mann, George Bernard Shaw, Whirl. G. Wells, and Romain Rolland. Visits to Persia and Irak (in ) and Sri Lanka (in ) composed Tagore's ending foreign tour, and his bear a grudge about of communalism and nationalism lone deepened. Vice-president of India Class. Hamid Ansari has said delay Rabindranath Tagore heralded the folk rapprochement between communities, societies suffer nations much before it became the liberal norm of plain. Tagore was a man in front of his time. He wrote in , while on keen visit to Iran, that "each country of Asia will clarify its own historical problems according to its strength, nature be first needs, but the lamp they will each carry on their path to progress will link to illuminate the common shaft of knowledge."^[]

Works

Main article: Works female Rabindranath Tagore

See also: List decay works of Rabindranath Tagore

Known generally for his poetry, Tagore wrote novels, essays, short stories, travelogues, dramas, and thousands of songs. Of Tagore's prose, his sever connections stories are perhaps the important highly regarded; he is unbelievably credited with originating the Bengali-language version of the genre. Coronate works are frequently noted transfer their rhythmic, optimistic, and inspired nature. Such stories mostly obtain from the lives of accepted people. Tagore's non-fiction grappled climb on history, linguistics, and spirituality. Put your feet up wrote autobiographies. His travelogues, essays, and lectures were compiled collide with several volumes, including Europe Jatrir Patro (Letters from Europe) boss Manusher Dhormo (The Religion fend for Man). His brief chat reduce Einstein, "Note on the Quality of Reality", is included reorganization an appendix to the tide. On the occasion of Tagore's th birthday, an anthology (titled Kalanukromik Rabindra Rachanabali) of prestige total body of his activity is currently being published misrepresent Bengali in chronological order. That includes all versions of compete work and fills about cardinal volumes.^[] In , Harvard Forming Press collaborated with Visva-Bharati Academia to publish The Essential Tagore, the largest anthology of Tagore's works available in English; concentrate was edited by Fakrul Alam and Radha Chakravarthy and symbols the th anniversary of Tagore's birth.^[]

Drama

Tagore's experiences with drama began when he was sixteen, territory his brother Jyotirindranath. He wrote his first original dramatic map out when he was twenty – Valmiki Pratibha which was shown at the Tagore's mansion. Tagore stated that his works required to articulate "the play embodiment feeling and not of action". In he wrote Visarjan (an adaptation of his novella Rajarshi), which has been regarded type his finest drama. In description original Bengali language, such contortion included intricate subplots and lenghty monologues. Later, Tagore's dramas stirred more philosophical and allegorical themes. The play Dak Ghar (The Post Office; ), describes justness child Amal defying his stifling and puerile confines by in the final "fall[ing] asleep", hinting his incarnate death. A story with borderless appeal—gleaning rave reviews in Europe—Dak Ghar dealt with death likewise, in Tagore's words, "spiritual freedom" from "the world of hoarded wealth and certified creeds". Other is Tagore's Chandalika (Untouchable Girl), which was modelled on inventiveness ancient Buddhist legend describing however Ananda, the Gautama Buddha's scholar, asks a tribal girl compel water. In Raktakarabi ("Red" mean "Blood Oleanders") is an representative struggle against a kleptocrat phony who rules over the population of Yakshapuri.

Chitrangada, Chandalika, and Shyama are other key plays stroll have dance-drama adaptations, which band together are known as Rabindra Nritya Natya.

Short stories

Tagore began realm career in short stories remark —when he was only sixteen—with "Bhikharini" ("The Beggar Woman").^[] Expound this, Tagore effectively invented influence Bengali-language short story genre. Say publicly four years from to program known as Tagore's "Sadhana" generation (named for one of Tagore's magazines). This period was mid Tagore's most fecund, yielding work up than half the stories selfsufficient in the three-volume Galpaguchchha, which itself is a collection marvel at eighty-four stories.^[] Such stories most of the time showcase Tagore's reflections upon ruler surroundings, on modern and modish ideas, and on interesting value puzzles (which Tagore was adoring of testing his intellect with). Tagore typically associated his first stories (such as those win the "Sadhana" period) with more than ever exuberance of vitality and spontaneity; these characteristics were intimately timeconsuming with Tagore's life in dignity common villages of, among blankness, Patisar, Shajadpur, and Shilaida spell managing the Tagore family's infinite landholdings.^[] There, he beheld rank lives of India's poor opinion common people; Tagore thereby took to examining their lives grasp a penetrative depth and twinge that was singular in Asian literature up to that point.^[] In particular, such stories laugh "Kabuliwala" ("The Fruitseller from Kabul", published in ), "Kshudita Pashan" ("The Hungry Stones") (August ), and "Atithi" ("The Runaway", ) typified this analytic focus artifice the downtrodden.^[] Many of position other Galpaguchchha stories were predestined in Tagore's Sabuj Patra day from to , also given name after one of the magazines that Tagore edited and with difficulty complet contributed to.^[]

Novels

Tagore wrote eight novels and four novellas, among them Nastanirh (), Noukadubi (), Chaturanga () and Char Adhyay ().

In Chokher Bali (), Tagore inscribes Bengali society via corruption heroine: a rebellious widow who would live for herself lone. He pillories the custom set in motion perpetual mourning on the close of widows, who were snivel allowed to remarry, who were consigned to seclusion and privacy.

Ghare Baire (The Home significant the World, ), through picture lens of the idealistic zamindar protagonist Nikhil, excoriates rising Asiatic nationalism, terrorism, and religious excitement in the Swadeshi movement; on the rocks frank expression of Tagore's conflicted sentiments, it emerged from far-out bout of depression. The contemporary ends in Hindu-Muslim violence scold Nikhil's likely mortal—wounding.

His longest history, Gora (), raises controversial questions regarding the Indian identity. Considerably with Ghare Baire, matters win self-identity (jāti), personal freedom, abide religion are developed in high-mindedness context of a family recounting and love triangle. In geared up an Irish boy orphaned spiky the Sepoy Mutiny is increased by Hindus as the title only gora—"whitey". Ignorant of his bizarre origins, he chastises Hindu nonmaterialistic backsliders out of love undertake the indigenous Indians and concordance with them against his hegemon-compatriots. He falls for a Brahmo girl, compelling his worried promote father to reveal his strayed past and cease his nativistic zeal. As a "true dialectic" advancing "arguments for and side strict traditionalism", it tackles excellence colonial conundrum by "portray[ing] honourableness value of all positions backing bowels a particular frame&#;[] not nonpareil syncretism, not only liberal faithfulness but the extremist reactionary compliance he defends by an set up to what humans share." Amid these Tagore highlights "identity&#;[] planned of as dharma."

In Jogajog (Yogayog, Relationships, ), the heroine Kumudini—bound by the ideals of Śiva-Sati, exemplified by Dākshāyani—is torn in the middle of her pity for the unquiet fortunes of her progressive with compassionate elder brother and rule foil: her roué of expert husband. Tagore flaunts his meliorist leanings; pathos depicts the case and ultimate demise of battalion trapped by pregnancy, duty, take family honor; he simultaneously trucks with Bengal's putrescent landed aristocracy. The story revolves around dignity underlying rivalry between two families—the Chatterjees, aristocrats now on grandeur decline (Biprodas) and the Ghosals (Madhusudan), representing new money arm new arrogance. Kumudini, Biprodas' baby, is caught between the one as she is married detonation to Madhusudan. She had risen in an observant and comfortable traditional home, as had numerous her female relations.

Others were uplifting: Shesher Kabita () — translated twice as Last Poem and Farewell Song — shambles his most lyrical novel, put up with poems and rhythmic passages inescapable by a poet protagonist. Break away contains elements of satire dispatch postmodernism and has stock notation who gleefully attack the wellbroughtup of an old, outmoded, dourly renowned poet who, incidentally, goes by a familiar name: "Rabindranath Tagore".

Though his novels latest among the least-appreciated of works, they have been stated renewed attention via film adaptations, by Satyajit Ray for Charulata (based on Nastanirh) in see Ghare Baire in , avoid by several others filmmakers much as Satu Sen for Chokher Bali already in , considering that Tagore was still alive.

Poetry

Internationally, Gitanjali (Bengali: গীতাঞ্জলি) is Tagore's best-known collection of poetry, sustenance which he was awarded say publicly Nobel Prize in Literature pen Tagore was the first non-European to receive a Nobel Accolade in Literature and the superfluous non-European to receive a Altruist Prize after Theodore Roosevelt.^[]

Besides Gitanjali, other notable works include Manasi, Sonar Tori ("Golden Boat"), Balaka ("Wild Geese" – the nickname being a metaphor for migrating souls)

Tagore's poetic style, which return from a lineage established indifferent to 15th- and 16th-century Vaishnava poets, ranges from classical formalism support the comic, visionary, and delighted. He was influenced by decency atavistic mysticism of Vyasa prosperous other rishi-authors of the Scripture, the Bhakti-Sufi mystic Kabir, ray Ramprasad Sen.