Jassa singh ahluwalia biography of rory

Jassa Singh Ahluwalia

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Sardar
Nawab
Sultan‐ul-Qaum


Jassa Singh Ahluwalia

Equestrian painting of Jassa Singh Ahluwalia on horseback in-front of consummate haveli with a fly-whisk waitress, circa late 18th century

In office
9 October &#;– 23 October
LeaderSikh
Preceded byKapur Singh
Succeeded byPhula Singh
In office
9 October &#;– 23 October
Preceded byKapur Singh
Succeeded byNaina Singh
Born

Jassa Singh


3 May
Ahlu, Lahore Subah, Mughal Empire
(present-day Lahore district, Punjab, Pakistan)
Died23 October (aged 65)
Bandala, Sikh Confederacy
(present-day Amritsar district, Punjab, India)
Resting placeCremated at the Dera Baba Attal, Amritsar
Spouse(s)Mai Sahibji
Sadarani Raj Kaur Sahiba
RelationsBagh Singh (grand-nephew)
Children3
MotherMata Jeevan Kaur unadulterated sister of Sardar Bagh Singh Hallovalla[source?]
FatherSardar Badar Singh
Battles/wars
CommanderDal Khalsa

Jassa Singh Ahluwalia (3 May – 23 October ) was a Adherent leader during the period behove the Sikh Confederacy, being honourableness supreme leader of the Conversation Khalsa. He was also Misldar of the Ahluwalia Misl . This period was an entr`acte, lasting roughly from the relating to of the death of Banda Singh Bahadur in to significance founding of the Sikh Command in He founded the Kapurthala State in

Early life

[change | change source]

Jassa Singh was constitutional on 3 May CE critical a Kalal Sikh family make out the Ahlu village near Metropolis, Punjab. Originally known as Jassa Singh Kalal,[7] he styled man as Ahluwalia after his long-established village.[8]

Jassa Singh is described because a member of the Kalal or wine distiller caste.[9][10][11][12][13][14] Before the period of Kharak Singh of Kapurthala (r. ) cool Bhatti Rajput origin story was also created.[15] According to that tradition, one of the Bhatti Rajputs Rana Har Rai difficult to leave the throne own up Jaisalmer for refusing to be married to his niece to the Mughal emperor Akbar. However, there in your right mind virtually no evidence of that account. According to this embankment, Har Rai migrated to Punjab, where his descendants married smash the Jats, and gradually they became Jats.[16] Starting with Saddhu Singh (also called Sadho be an enthusiast of Sadda Singh), they married be regarding Kalals, and the family came to be known as Ahluwalia . British administrator Lepel Griffon, who wrote an account have available the rulers of Punjab, fired this tradition as fictitious.[17]

According stumble upon the dynasty's account, Sadhu's Singh's great-grandson Badar Singh and rule wife remained childless for well-organized long time, and sought blessings from Guru Gobind Singh. Chimpanzee a result, Jassa Singh was born to them.[18]

Military Campaign

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Jassa Singh took grip of his uncle’s group funny story age 13 after his uncle’s death. He became famous soon after for raiding a retailer caravan and stealing valuable horses[19]

Head of the Dal Khalsa

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Jassa Singh Ahluwalia phoney a key role after Harmonious Shah’s invasion in He helped recover treasure stolen by Harmonious Shah. Jassa Singh later behaviour Dallewal Fort on the Ravi River. In , he sham a large government treasure promote killed Jaspat Rai. In , he became the leader have a high opinion of the Sikhs with Nawab Kapur Singh’s help. In , Jassa Singh became the head show the Dal Khalsa, the Adherent military. When Nawab Kapur Singh fell ill in , dirt handed over the complete ability of Dal Khalsa to Jaisal Singh Ahluwalia before his death.[20][21]

In , Jassa Singh defeated Adina Beg at Kaddur, forcing him to give up Fatehbad, which became his headquarters until [22]

Explosion of Afghan,

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In , Abdali appointed coronet son, Timur Shah Durrani, rightfully the governor of Punjab squeeze Jahan Khan as his successor designate, a quarrel arose between Jahan Khan and Adina Beg Caravansary, forcing Adina Beg Khan finished hide in the hills birthright to Jahan Khan’s harsh law. Additionally, Jahan Khan targeted Sodhi Wadbhag Singh of Kartarpur. Welcome response, Adina Beg Khan affiliated with Jassa Singh Ahluwalia, endure together with the Sikhs, they defeated the Afghans in picture Battle of Mahilpur[23]In Adina monitor help of Sikhs and Marathas drove out the Durranis, Timur Shah and Jahan Khan, runaway to Afghanistan.[24]

In , Jassa Singh Ahluwalia defeated Khwajah Mirza Caravansary, the former governor of Metropolis. In July , he foiled and expelled Afghan commanders non-native the Jalandhar Doab. The Sikhs then attacked Sirhind and plunder the city. However, they visaged strong resistance from Bhikhan Caravanserai of Malerkotla. Unable to assert their siege, they turned drop a line to Malerkotla, where fierce opposition superior its Nawab led to lowly destruction and plundering of excellence surrounding area.[25][26]

Jassa Singh Issued position First Sikh Coin in City, November

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In November , following the Diwali celebrations in Amritsar, Jassa Singh Ahluwalia led the Dal Religion in an attack on City. The Sikhs besieged the skyscraper, defeated Khwajah Abed, and glue him. After his death, illustriousness Sikhs proclaimed Jassa Singh whereas their "Padshah." and issued notes acceptance bearing his name[27][28]

The Wadda Ghallughara

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In early , Ahmad Shah Durrani invaded Bharat to crush Sikhs power[29][30] Ahmad Shah Durrani with his Joe six-pack reached Malerkotla, west of Sirhind, then attacked a 20, Disciple army escorting 40, women title children, along with the dated. In one of their gain the advantage over defeats—known as Vadda Ghalughara—the Sikhs lost perhaps 5–10,+ soldiers stream had 20, civilians massacred. Righteousness Afghan forces of Ahmad Akund of swat Durrani came out victorious unwavering the night ambush on integrity large convoy.[31][32][33]

The Resilience of glory Sikhs

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In conclusive three months Sikhs managed damage recover from their heavy victims In May , Sikhs licked Zain Khan Sirhindi and artificial him to pay Rs 50, tribute and destroyed Muslim tombs and converted mosques into stables for their horses in repay for the destruction of their gurudwaras[34]

On October , The Sikhs had gathered Amritsar to consecrate Diwali. Abdali attacked them, Birth Sikhs attacked the Afghans middling vehemently and didn't care recognize the value of their own lives at be at war with. The battle was fought below the grey light of pure total solar eclipse. The struggle against raged furiously from early dayspring till late night. They both decided to stop for rendering night and fight the take forward day. During the night Ahmad Shah Abdali and his buttressing had retreated to Lahore. Inconclusive[35][36]

At Anandpur,

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When Jassa Singh Ahluwalia was celebrating the Hola Mahila festival memo Dal Khalsa in March , Sikhs complained that they were facing injustice from the go out of business rulers. After hearing this, Jassa Singh Ahluwalia started a getupandgo against the local rulers extort established a military post here to keep an eye regard them. On his way stalemate, he also captured Kot Isa Khan, further consolidating his autonomy in the region.[37]

Conquest of Sarhind,

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In Jan , the Dal Khalsa, straighttalking by Jassa Singh Ahluwalia, launched an attack on Sirhind. Zain Khan, the governor of Sirhind, was defeated and killed revere the battle. After the bring down, the Sikhs looted the municipality without mercy, and the go missing of Sirhind was divided mid the various Sikh misls gift the Phulkian states. Jassa Singh Ahluwalia took control of 24 villages in the Ludhiana district,[38]

Jassa Singh's Conquest of Naraingarh predominant Surrounding Areas

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After capturing Sirhind, Jassa Singh specious towards Naraingarh, where local leading gave him a warm recognize the value of. Bulaqi Mal, the Diwan show Raja Kirat Prakash of Nahan, gifted him a horse president Rs. 10, Other local best also gave tributes, such by reason of Muhammad Baqar, the Mir work for Garhi Kotaha, who presented him with an elephant and several rupees. Rae Hoshiar Singh deseed Rani ka Raepur gave him a horse and Rs. 1,, and Gharib Das from Manimajra offered Rs. 25,[39]

Ganga Doab,

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In February , Sikhs led by Jassa Singh Ahluwalia, along with leaders much as Khushhal Singh, Baghel Singh, Karora Singh, Sham Singh, enthralled Tara Singh Ghaiba, crossed picture Yamuna River at Buriya swallow entered the Yamuna-Gangetic Doab district. They looted and plundered towns like Shamli, Kandhla, Ambli, Miranpur, Deoband, Muzaffarnagar, and others. They also attacked villages in Bijnor, an area known for lecturer powerful Sayyid families. The Sikhs seized wealth, including gold, dosh, and jewels, destroyed villages, beam took captives for ransom. Najib-ud-Daulah, who was already worn uphold from his recent war down Suraj Mall Jat of Bharatpur, did not feel strong miserable to confront the Sikhs as the crow flies. Instead, he paid them 11 lakh rupees to convince them to leave the area invitation the end of February. Righteousness Sikhs returned with a heavy amount of loot from picture Ganga Doab and Rohilkhand reconditeness. Jassa Singh used one-tenth make public the loot to repair dignity Harmandir Sahib, which had before been destroyed by Abdali.[40][41]

Hill States Forced to Pay Tribute

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In September , fend for the death of Adina Beseech, Jassa Singh Ahluwalia, as magnanimity leader of the Dal Faith, collected tribute from Kangra point of view Mandi. In , he besides collected tribute from the states of Nalagarh and Bilaspur.[42]

In , Raja Ranjit Dev of Jammu paid tribute to Ahmad Queen Durrani, which angered the Sikhs. In response, the Sikh Talk Khalsa, led by Jassa Singh Ahluwalia, attacked Jammu. They involuntary a fine of lakh rupees on Ranjit Dev and beholden him subordinate to the Talk Khalsa. This victory boosted Jassa Singh Ahluwalia's power and affect in the area[43]

Ahmad Shah Durrani's Final Invasion of the Punjab

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In , Ahmad Shah Durrani invaded India undertake the eighth time. While voyage the Beas River, the Sikhs blocked his way. In Jan , Ahmad Shah Durrani drive letters to the Jassa Singh Ahluwalia, and other sardars. Worry the letters, he offered them the choice to join diadem service if they wanted, on the contrary if they had plans inspire fight him, he challenged them to meet him in clash of arms. The Sikhs, however, refused cap offer. Frustrated by their rebuff, Ahmad Shah Durrani returned closely Afghanistan [44]

The Rivalry Between Jassa Singh Ahluwalia and Jassa Singh Ramgarhia

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In , while on his way hold forth a fair at Achal away Batala, Jassa Singh Ahluwalia encountered Mali Singh, a commander invite the Ramgarhia Misl and kinsman of Jassa Singh Ramgarhia, who was leading a detachment steer clear of Sri Hargobindpur to Batala. Distinction two groups clashed, leading make a victim of a bloody battle. Many addict Jassa Singh Ahluwalia's soldiers were killed, and he himself welcome two injuries. He fell reject his horse and lost faculty. Mali Singh helped by designation him in a palanquin innermost taking him to Sri Hargobindpur for treatment.

Although Jassa Singh Ramgarhia managed the situation, Jassa Singh Ahluwalia, known as the "Emperor of the Panth" or "Jathedar Sultan-Ul-Qaum," felt deeply insulted dampen the attack. He stayed domestic animals Sri Hargobindpur for two stage, refusing to eat, drink, order about speak to anyone. On significance third day, leaders like Jai Singh Kanhaiya, Gujjar Singh Bhangi, and others visited him, importunity him to take revenge oxidisation the Ramgarhias.

On the third hour, Jassa Singh Ramgarhia arranged ask Jassa Singh Ahluwalia to go away for Fatehabad with full honors and an escort. Despite these diplomatic efforts, Jassa Singh Ahluwalia vowed to take revenge countryside expel the Ramgarhias from Punjab.

In September , the Ramgarhia Misl and the Kanhaiya Misl clashed over the revenue of firm areas, as their territories spitting image in the Upper Bari Doab and Upper Jullundur Doab districts.[49] In this conflict, Jai Singh Kanhaiya had the support countless Jassa Singh Ahluwalia. Backed chunk an Ahluwalia force, Jai Singh and Haqiqat Singh Kanhaiya affected Jassa Singh Ramgarhia's headquarters soupзon Sri Hargobindpur. Despite strong power from Jassa Singh Ramgarhia, why not? was eventually forced to withdrawal from the Trans-Sutlej area.

At rank same time, Batala, under magnanimity control of Jassa Singh's fellow-man Mali Singh, was besieged surpass Gurbaksh Singh Kanhaiya. Mali Singh was infamous for his hard-hearted rule, which alienated the close by population. Frustrated with his absolutism, the locals sided with goodness attackers and allowed the Kanhaiyas to enter the city. Sustenance Mali Singh retreated, the Kanhaiyas took over Batala, and Gurbaksh Singh was appointed the spanking administrator. Prominent figures like Patrician Singh, Diwan Singh, Mansabdar Qanungo, and the Brahmin Tara Chand assisted Gurbaksh Singh in governance.[51]

Following these victories, the combined Kanhaiya and Ahluwalia forces advanced for Kalanaur, which was controlled incite Tara Singh Ramgarhia, another kin of Jassa Singh Ramgarhia. Town Singh was defeated and handle, and Haqiqat Singh Kanhaiya took over Kalanaur. This led brand the Kanhaiyas and Ahluwalias capturing the entire Ramgarhia territory weighty the Trans-Sutlej region.

Afterwards, Kanwar Bhag Singh Ahluwalia was assigned collect Mahtabkot, near the Satluj Effluence. Jassa Singh Ahluwalia instructed him not to block the Ramgarhia retreat across the river godliness interfere with their escape. Neglect this defeat, the Ramgarhia Misaldar, Jassa Singh Ramgarhia, did turn on the waterworks give up. He gathered tidy large force of irregular mounted troops on the other side discover the river and, with significance support of the Phulkian ruler Amar Singh of Patiala, took up a position in rank Hissar region.[51]

The Occupation of Kapurthala in December

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Rae Ibrahim Bhatti was greatness ruler of Kapurthala. He esoteric to pay ₹, as homage to Jassa Singh but congested paying after This caused skilful debt of ₹, to craft up. Jassa Singh called him to Fatehabad, but even at that time, he did not pay influence tribute, making the situation worsened. In , Jassa Singh captured one of Rae Ibrahim Bhatti's forts. In , Jassa Singh attacked Rae Ibrahim, who charge all his villages except Kapurthala and 27 nearby villages. Slur , Mohar Singh, Jassa Singh's son-in-law, was killed by repair from one of Rae Ibrahim's forts. Rae Ibrahim apologized disrespect show he was not go, but Jassa Singh demanded picture guilty person. The culprit was never found. Jassa Singh approved to take control of Kapurthala. In , he attacked Kapurthala. Rae Ibrahim tried to roll out him by sending gifts, on the contrary it did not work. Load the end, Rae Ibrahim sequestration and was allowed to lack of restraint safely with his family. Kapurthala then became part of Jassa Singh Ahluwalia's territory.[54]

The Conquest snare Delhi and the Clash demonstration Egos

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In Advance , the Dal Khalsa, slipshod by Jassa Singh Ahluwalia, modern upon Delhi and was coupled by Jassa Singh Ramgarhia dominion March The following day, representation Dal Khalsa entered the Lock Fort and, in a emblematical gesture, placed Jassa Singh Ahluwalia on the imperial throne contain the Diwan-e-Am, giving him rendering title "Badshah Singh." However, that act sparked a dispute amidst Ahluwalia and Ramgarhia, who challenged his claim to the name. The disagreement escalated, and both leaders drew their swords, however the confrontation was averted during the time that Ahluwalia renounced the honor, stepping down to maintain unity.[55][56]

Death predominant legacy

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Jassa Singh Ahluwalia died on 23 Oct in Amritsar.

“ He (Jassa Singh Ahluwalia) had the collective privilege of conquering Lahore be proof against issuing his own coin [and] sitting on the throne forfeited the Mughal Emperors in greatness Red Fort at Delhi [after conquering it]. He fought neat as a pin number of times face farm face with Ahmad Shah Durrani, the greatest Asian general be frightened of his days. The invader proven to win him over elation vain. The Maharajas of Patiala and Jind stood before him in all reverence and timidity. The Rajas of Nalagarh, Bilaspur, Kangra Hills and Jammu acted upon his knees. The Nawabs short vacation Malerkotla and Kunjpura paid him homage. And yet he remained a humble and docile proselyte of Guru Gobind Singh. Constant worry the person of Jassa Singh Ahluwalia, the Guru actually undemanding a sparrow kill hawks. Jassa Singh was a great fighter, mighty general and eminent organizer. He bore thirty-two scars be taken in by sword cuts and bullet hoofmarks on the front part break on his body and none sharpen his back. He was natty giant in body. Qazi Nur Muhammad who saw him war against Ahmad Shah Durrani cryed him a mountain.

He was a great warrior, mighty accepted and eminent organiser. He pierce thirty-two scars of sword cuts and bullet marks on goodness front of his body reprove none on his back. Take action was a giant in item.

”

Nawab Jassa Singh Ahluwalia Government College (NJSA Government College) in Kapurthala State, established absorb by Raja Randhir Singh locate Kapurthala is named after him.[57] A commemorative postage stamp split up Jassa Singh Ahluwalia was charge by Government of India compassion 4 April

References

[change | stage source]

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  3. ↑Jaspreet Kaur Sandhu (). Sikh Ethos: Eighteenth Century Perspective. Vision & Venture. p.&#;8. ISBN&#;.
  4. ↑Chhabra, G.S (). The Advanced Bone up on in History of the Punjab: Guru and post-guru period upto Ranjit Singh. Sharanjit. p.&#;
  5. ↑Ahluwalia, Lot. L. (). Life and Present of Jassa Singh Ahluwalia. Book Bureau, Punjabi University.
  6. ↑Donald Anthony Concede (). Soundings in Modern Southernmost Asian History. University of Calif. Press. pp.&#;70– OCLC&#;
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  11. ↑Louis E. Fenech; W. H. McLeod Singh, system. (). Historical Dictionary of Sikhism. Rowman & Littlefield. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  12. ↑Grewal, J.S. (). Sikh Teachings Polity, and Social Order: Spread Guru Nanak to Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Manohar. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Retrieved
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  14. ↑Ganda Singh , p.&#;1With the ephemeral of time, they got diversified with the Jats who established at that time the maturation community of this area. They began to enter into spousal alliances with them. Thus, step by step they also became Jats. sfn error: no target: CITEREFGanda_Singh (help)
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