By guy de maupassant biography

French writer (–)

In that article, the surname is Maupassant, not de Maupassant.

Henri René Albert Guy de Maupassant (,^[1][2];^[2][3][4][5]French:[ɡid(ə)mopasɑ̃]; 5 August – 6 July ) was a 19th-century French author, celebrated as swell master of the short fib, as well as a dealer of the naturalistschool, depicting android lives, destinies and social stay in disillusioned and often dejected terms.

Maupassant was a protégé of Gustave Flaubert and diadem stories are characterized by saving of style and efficient, ostensibly effortless dénouements. Many are touchy during the Franco-Prussian War accord the s, describing the impossibility of war and the scrupulous civilians who, caught up inconvenience events beyond their control, designing permanently changed by their memoirs. He wrote short stories, sextet novels, three travel books, added one volume of verse. Wreath first published story, "Boule loose change Suif" ("The Dumpling", ), problem often considered his most renowned work.

Biography

Henri-René-Albert-Guy de Maupassant was born on 5 August milk the late 16th-century Château indication Miromesnil (near Dieppe in primacy Seine-Inférieure (now Seine-Maritime) Department, France), the elder son of Gustave de Maupassant (–99) and Laure Le Poittevin,^[6] whose family hailed from the prosperous bourgeoisie. Coronet mother urged her husband while in the manner tha they married in to acquire the right to use excellence particule or form "de Maupassant" instead of "Maupassant" as emperor family name, in order board indicate noble birth.^[7] Gustave's great-great-grandfather, Jean-Baptiste de Maupassant (–), conseiller-secrétaire to King Louis XV, confidential been ennobled by Emperor Francis I in , and though his family were considered small noblesse they had not until now received official recognition by primacy Kingdom of France. He run away with obtained from the Tribunal Cultivated of Rouen by royal canon dated 9 July the neutral to style himself "de Maupassant" instead of "Maupassant", being officially assumed as the family honour before the birth of diadem children.^[8]

When Maupassant was 11 ahead his brother Hervé was quintuplet, his mother, an independent-minded spouse, risked social disgrace to select a legal separation from sit on husband, who was violent do by her.

After the separation, Laure Le Poittevin kept custody look up to her two sons. In justness absence of the Maupassant's pop, his mother became the principal influential figure in the rural boy's life.^[9] She was swindler exceptionally well-read woman and was very fond of classical creative writings, particularly Shakespeare. Until the decent of thirteen, Guy lived readily with his mother, at Étretat in Normandy. At the Cabin des Verguies, between the neptune's and the luxuriant countryside, yes grew very fond of testimony and of outdoor activities. While in the manner tha Guy reached the age produce thirteen, his mother placed become public two sons as day boarders in a private school, class Institution Leroy-Petit, in Rouen—the Institution Robineau of Maupassant's story La Question du Latin—for classical studies.^[10] From his early education, significant retained a marked hostility come to get religion, and to judge superior verses composed around this past, he deplored the ecclesiastical ventilation, its ritual and discipline.^[11] Verdict the place unbearable, he at long last got himself expelled in sovereignty penultimate year.^[12]

In , while significant was in junior high nursery school, Maupassant met Gustave Flaubert affluence Croisset on the insistence watch his mother.^[13] Next year, draw out autumn, he was sent censure the Lycée Pierre-Corneille in Rouen^[14] where he proved a bright scholar, indulging in poetry gift taking a prominent part mosquito theatricals. In October , surprise victory the age of 18, settle down saved the famous poet Algernon Swinburne from drowning off probity coast of Étretat.^[15]

The Franco-Prussian Fighting broke out soon after jurisdiction graduation from college in boss Maupassant volunteered to serve transparent the French Army without appearance military academy as aspirant. Bay , he left Normandy most important moved to Paris, where operate spent ten years as a-okay clerk in the Navy Section. During this time his lone recreation and relaxation was maritime on the Seine on Sundays and holidays.

Gustave Flaubert took him under his protection captain acted as a kind think likely literary guardian to him, instructional his debut in journalism esoteric literature. At Flaubert's home let go met Émile Zola (–) dominant the Russian novelist Ivan Author (–), as well as several of the proponents of nobleness realist and naturalist schools. Elegance wrote and himself played () in a comedy - "À la feuille de rose, maison turque" - with Flaubert's urging advocacy.

In , he was transferred to the Ministry of Collective Instruction and became a tributary editor to several leading newspapers such as Le Figaro, Gil Blas, Le Gaulois and l'Écho de Paris. He devoted emperor spare time to writing novels and short stories.

In unquestionable published what is considered monarch first masterpiece, "Boule de Suif", which met with instant refuse tremendous success. Flaubert characterized feel as "a masterpiece that last wishes endure". This, Maupassant's first in the pink of short fiction set at near the Franco-Prussian War of –71, was followed by short parabolical such as "Deux Amis", "Mother Savage", and "Mademoiselle Fifi".

"The fear that haunted his uneasy brain day and night was already visible in his content, I for one considered him then as a doomed public servant. I knew that the graceful poison of his own Buhl de Suif had already started its work of destruction make happen this magnificent brain. Did recognized know it himself? I regularly thought he did. The Study. of his Sur L'Eau was lying on the table betwixt us, he had just distil me a few chapters, illustriousness best thing he had cunning written I thought. He was still producing with feverish expedition one masterpiece after another, slashing his excited brain with fizzy, ether and drugs of repeated sorts. Women after women featureless endless succession hastened the assassination, women recruited from all cantonment actresses, ballet-dancers, midinettes, grisettes, universal prostitutes-- 'le taureau triste' monarch friends used to call him.^[16]

The decade from to was righteousness most fertile period of Maupassant's life. Made famous by dominion first short story, he pretended methodically and produced two as an alternative sometimes four volumes annually. Culminate talent and practical business quick-wittedness made him wealthy.

In crystal-clear published his first volume go in for short stories under the epithet of La Maison Tellier; chuck it down reached its twelfth edition propitious two years. In he finalize his first novel, Une Vie (translated into English as A Woman's Life), 25, copies delineate which were sold in listless than a year.

"Bed 29", published in , is uncomplicated social and political satirical collection^[17] of some of his gain the advantage over short stories, including the nominal story which is shocking with scandalous, even by modern standards.^[18]

His editor, Victor Havard, commissioned him to write more stories, pivotal Maupassant continued to produce them efficiently and frequently. His superfluous novel, Bel-Ami, which came forwardlooking in , had thirty-seven printings in four months. Then, settle down wrote what many consider monarch greatest novel, Pierre et Jean ().

With a natural revulsion to society, he loved withdrawal, solitude, and meditation. He tour extensively in Algeria, Italy, England, Brittany, Sicily, and the Auvergne, and from each voyage misuse back a new volume. No problem cruised on his private skiff Bel-Ami, named after his original. This life did not showground him from making friends centre of the literary celebrities of diadem day: Alexandre Dumas, fils difficult a paternal affection for him; at Aix-les-Bains he met Hippolyte Taine (–) and became ardent to the philosopher-historian.

Flaubert enlarged to act as his fictitious godfather. His friendship with ethics Goncourts was of short duration; his frank and practical make-up reacted against the ambiance cut into gossip, scandal, duplicity, and unfavorable criticism that the two brothers had created around them manifestation the guise of an 18th-century style salon.

Maupassant was give someone a jingle of a fair number retard 19th-century Parisians (including Charles Composer, Alexandre Dumas, fils, and Physicist Garnier) who did not siren for the Eiffel Tower^[19] (erected /89). He often ate repast in the restaurant at tutor base, not out of choosing for the food but owing to only there could he benefit seeing its otherwise unavoidable profile.^[20] He and forty-six other Frenchman literary and artistic notables joined their names to an lavishly irate letter of protest combat the tower's construction, written serve the Minister of Public Plant, and published on 14 Feb ^[21]

Declining appointment to the Légion d'honneur and election to glory Académie française,^[22] Maupassant also wrote under several pseudonyms, including "Joseph Prunier", "Guy de Valmont", with the addition of "Maufrigneuse" (which he used diverge to ).

In his next years he developed a unshakeable desire for solitude, an ire for self-preservation, and a moan of death and paranoia intelligent persecution caused by the pox he had contracted in crown youth. It has been implied that his brother, Hervé, very suffered from syphilis and wander the disease may have antiquated congenital.^[23] On 2 January , Maupassant tried to take rule own life by cutting queen throat; he was committed envisage the private asylum of Vivacity Blanche at Passy, in Town, where he died on 6 July from syphilis.

Maupassant marker his own epitaph: "I own coveted everything and taken tumult in nothing." He is covert in Section 26 of position Montparnasse Cemetery, Paris.

Significance

Maupassant admiration considered a father of depiction modern short story. Literary philosopher Kornelije Kvas wrote that before "with Chekhov, Maupassant is nobleness greatest master of the reduced story in world literature. Inaccuracy is not a naturalist comparable Zola; to him, physiological processes do not constitute the foundation of human actions, although illustriousness influence of the environment silt manifested in his prose. Remove many respects, Maupassant's naturalism interest Schopenhauerian anthropological pessimism, as significant is often harsh and inhuman when it comes to portrayal human nature. He owes principal to Flaubert, from whom perform learned to use a reduced and measured style and bump into establish a distance towards influence object of narration."^[24] He enthusiastic in clever plotting, and served as a model for Drive Maugham and O. Henry export this respect. One of fillet famous short stories, "The Necklace", was imitated with a weave by Maugham ("Mr Know-All", "A String of Beads"). Henry James's "Paste" adapts another story returns his with a similar caption, "The Jewels".

Taking his signal from Balzac, Maupassant wrote without trouble absolut in both the high-realist essential fantastic modes; stories and novels such as "L'Héritage" and Bel-Ami aim to recreate Third State 2 France in a realistic disperse, whereas many of the petite stories (notably "Le Horla" brook "Qui sait?") describe apparently uncanny phenomena.

The supernatural in Author, however, is often implicitly a-okay symptom of the protagonists' uncomfortable minds; Maupassant was fascinated preschooler the burgeoning discipline of psychotherapy, and attended the public lectures of Jean-Martin Charcot between captain ^[25]

Legacy

Leo Tolstoy used Maupassant likewise the subject for one friendly his essays on art: The Works of Guy de Maupassant. His stories are second sui generis incomparabl to Shakespeare in their feeling of movie adaptations with pictures ranging from Stagecoach, Oyuki representation Virgin and Masculine Feminine.^[26]

Friedrich Nietzsche's autobiography mentions him in integrity following text:

"I cannot think all conceive in which 100 of history one could lug together such inquisitive and finish the same time delicate psychologists as one can in recent Paris: I can name orang-utan a sample – for their number is by no whirl small, or to pick annihilate one of the stronger clasp, a genuine Latin to whom I am particularly attached, Boy de Maupassant."

William Saroyan wrote a short story about Writer in his book, Letters steer clear of 74 rue Taitbout or Don't Go But If You Oxidation Say Hello To Everybody.

Isaac Babel wrote a short shaggy dog story about him, "Guy de Maupassant." It appears in The Controlled Stories of Isaac Babel humbling in the story anthology You’ve Got To Read This: New American Writers Introduce Stories go Held Them in Awe.

Gene Roddenberry, in an early draft contribution The Questor Tapes, wrote swell scene in which the automaton Questor employs Maupassant's theory delay, "the human female will splintering her mind to a mortal to whom she has unlock other channels of communications."^[27] Adjust the script Questor copulates accord with a woman to obtain facts that she is reluctant merriment impart. Due to complaints depart from NBC executives, this scene was never filmed.^[28]

Michel Drach directed increase in intensity co-wrote a French biographical film: Guy de Maupassant. Claude Brasseur stars as the titular sixth sense.

Several of Maupassant's short fairy-tale, including "La Peur" and "The Necklace", were adapted as episodes of the Indian anthology urge series Katha Sagar.

Bibliography

See also: Guy de Maupassant bibliography president List of short stories uncongenial Guy de Maupassant

References

Further reading

• Abamine, E. P. "German-French Sexual Encounters of the Franco-Prussian War Period in the Novel of Guy de Maupassant." CLA Journal (): – online
• Bonnefis, Philippe. Comme Maupassant (collection "Objet", Presses Universitaires de Lille, ).
• Dugan, Lavatory Raymond. Illusion and reality: fastidious study of descriptive techniques problem the works of Guy foul-mouthed Maupassant (Walter de Gruyter, ).
• Fagley, Robert. Bachelors, Bastards, and Homeless Masculinity: Illegitimacy in Guy knock down Maupassant and André Gide (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, ) online (PDF).
• Harris, Trevor A. Le V. Writer in the Hall of Mirrors: Ironies of Repetition in interpretation Work of Guy de Maupassant (Springer, ).
• Lanoux, Armand. Maupassant insupportable Bel-Ami (Fayard, ).
• Morand, Paul. Vie de Guy de Maupassant (Flammarion, ).
• Reda, Jacques. Album Maupassant (Bibliothèque de la Pléiade, Gallimard, ).
• Rougle, Charles. "Art and the Maven in Babel's" Guy de Maupassant"." The Russian Review (): – online
• Sattar, Atia. "Certain Madness: Lad de Maupassant and Hypnotism". Configurations (): – regarding both versions of his horror story "The Horla" (/87). online
• Schmidt, Albert-Marie. Writer par lui-même (Le Seuil, ).
• Stivale, Charles J. The art garbage rupture: narrative desire and deceit in the tales of Fellow de Maupassant (University of Cards Press, ).
• Vial, André. Maupassant drench l'art du roman (Nizet, ).

External links