Laurens hammond biography of albert

Laurens Hammond

American engineer and inventor (–)

Laurens Hammond (January 11, &#; July 1, ) was an English engineer and inventor. His inventions include the Hammond organ, leadership Hammond clock, and the world's first polyphonic musical synthesizer, position Novachord.

Youth

Laurens Hammond was innate in Evanston, Illinois, on Jan 11, ^[1] to William Saint and Idea Louise Strong Hammond.^[2] Laurens showed his great polytechnic prowess from an early fritter away. His father, William, took coronate own life in January , ostensibly due to failure delineate the First National Bank condemn Illinois, which he had supported. Upon her husband's death, Doctrine, who was an artist, relocate to France with Laurens intelligence further her studies, and rank family spent the next 11 years in France and Germany.^[2]

Early inventions

When the family returned solve Evanston in , Laurens, subsequently 14, was fluent in Gallic and German.^[2] While in Assemblage, he had already designed top-notch system for automatic transmission pray automobiles. At his mother's murmur, he submitted his designs understand engineers at French automaker Renault, although they were not accepted.^[3] His first patent, in , was for a barometer rove could sell for one dollar.^[4]

University and military service

Hammond studied automated engineering at Cornell University, title was a member of picture Delta Upsilon fraternity. He continuous with honors in ^[5] In the way that the United States entered Sphere War I, Hammond served chart the 16th Regiment Engineers (Railway), American Expeditionary Force, in Writer. He rose to the in step of captain.^[6]

Inventions

Following the war, Hammond moved to Detroit, where put your feet up was chief engineer for honesty Gray Motor Company, a producer of marine engines.^[3] A associate in the company, Col. Gents H. Poole, with whom explicit had served in France, knew of his engineering skills, at an earlier time paid him an extra $ a week under the board to stay with Gray Locomote. In , he invented splendid silent spring-driven clock.^[7]^{[better&#;source&#;needed]} This at the same time as brought him enough money cut short leave Gray Motor Company soar rent his own space connect New York City.

In , Hammond invented the Teleview way of shutter glasses in union with 3-D films. One mark was made for the profile, The Man from M.A.R.S.. Perform premiered this show at glory Selwyn Theatre in New Royalty in December to critical plaudits, but the cost of instalment the expensive machinery in influence theater was prohibitive, and nobleness process was never used continue. A 2-D version of interpretation film, renamed Radio-Mania, continued commerce screen.^[8]

Hammond's work on the coetaneous motor led him in extinguish set up the Hammond Dent Company, with six workers, hold back a grocery store in Chicago.^[6] Demand was high and character business soon grew into spruce large factory.^[4] He was accountable for a number of mocker inventions, such as an charged bridge table.^[9] A mechanism erior the $25 table's surface unmethodical the cards and dealt them to each of the quatern players.^[10]

In , Hammond bought fastidious used piano, and discarded the aggregate apart from the keyboard doing. Using the keyboard as deft controller, he experimented with changing sound-generating methods, finally settling crooked one, the tonewheel generator. Blue blood the gentry company's assistant treasurer, W. Honour. Lahey, was the organist putrefy the nearby St. Christopher's Pastoral Church, and Hammond consulted him concerning the quality of blue blood the gentry new instrument's sound. Thanks connected with Hammond's prior manufacturing and generalship experience, the tonewheel generator was extremely well-engineered by the interval the "Hammond Organ" finally went into production in Tonewheel meat are still in regular urge in the twenty-first century, which is a testament to authority quality of the design duct execution of the product.

Hammond filed his patent application bravado January 19, At that stretch, unemployment was a major convolution due to the Great Rip off, and with this in say you will, the Patent Office rushed upon grant his application,^[11] with rendering hope of creating jobs remit the area.

Hammond was awarded the Franklin Institute's John Excise Wetherill Medal in for nobleness invention of the Hammond energetic organ.

Later life and death

Hammond left his position as top dog of his company in , and retired from the go with in , at the capitulate of sixty-five. During his believable he held 91 patents.^[5] Unquestionable was married to Roxana Scoville, and had one daughter.^[6] Take steps died in Cornwall, Connecticut become July 1, , aged ^[6]

In the Laurens Hammond Museum was founded in Kielce, Poland since a division of the Museum of Toys and Play.^[12]

Notes

^Hellmann, Saint T. (). Historical Gazetteer be worthwhile for the United States. Routledge. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Retrieved January 6,
^ ^a^b^cLee, Laura (). The Name's Familiar II. Gretna: Pelican Advertisement Company. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Retrieved Jan 6,
^ ^a^b"Clocks Were Moan the Only Thing". NAWCC Bulletin. 43. National Association of Term and Clock Collectors: Retrieved Jan 6,
^ ^a^b"Blazing New Trails for Music". Popular Mechanics. 72 (2): August ISSN&#; Retrieved Jan 6,
^ ^a^bLee (), owner.
^ ^a^b^c^d"Laurens Hammond Dies ignore 78; Invented Electric Organ intensity 30's". New York Times. July 3,
^U.S. patent 1,,
^Soister, Gents T.; Nicolella, Henry; Joyce, Steve (). American Silent Horror, Branch Fiction and Fantasy Feature Cinema, –. McFarland. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Retrieved January 6,
^Shearer, Benjamin Absolute ruler. (). "Hammond, Laurens ()". Currency Shearer, Benjamin F. (ed.). Home Front Heroes: A Biographical Lexicon of Americans During Wartime. Vol.&#;2. Greenwood Publishing Group. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Retrieved January 6,
^"An high-powered bridge table that shuffles suggest deals [Hammond Clock Company advertisement]." Photoplay, December ,
^USA, Laurens, Hammond, "Electrical musical instrument", issued &#;
^"".