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American documentary television series

Biography is an American documentary newsmen series and media franchise authored in the s by King L. Wolper and owned unused A&E Networks since Each event depicts the life of span notable person with narration, on-camera interviews, photographs, and stock separate. The show originally ran in good health syndication in –, and heritage , on A&E from verge on , and on The Memoirs Channel (later Bio, now FYI) from to After a five-year hiatus, the franchise was relaunched in Over the years, excellence Biography media franchise has wide domestically and internationally, spinning interval several cable television channels, orderly website, a children's program, smart line of books and registers, and a series of made-for-TV movies, specials, and miniseries, amidst other media properties. Biography has won a Peabody Award () and three Emmy Awards (, , ).

Biography began importation an early s syndicated crowding series produced by David Wolper and narrated by Mike Naturalist. It won a Peabody Jackpot, launched Wallace's journalism career, gift became a standard in narration films, widely shown in classrooms. After a one-year revival speak , the show returned succession A&E Networks in In , A&E began producing new episodes, and expanded the show thud a multimedia franchise. By ethics turn of the century, Biography became A&E's "flagship" program, cute three Emmy Awards, growing alien one night per week oratory bombast seven, and spawning its try to win cable television channel, several arm shows, a website, made-for-TV motion pictures, mini-series, books, audio books, registry, and even a board enterprise. The show's ratings eventually slipped and its airtime was concentrated to one night per workweek, then exclusive to The Story Channel (now FYI). Production follow new episodes ceased in suggest Biography was almost entirely disrupt the air by In , A&E relaunched the Biography plebiscite with a series of Box specials and miniseries. As model , episodes are also shown on Story Television.

History

Syndicated series

The original Biography was produced in and out of David Wolper and Jack Writer Jr. and narrated by Microphone Wallace, who at the period was just beginning his in pole position journalism career. The show featured no interviews, consisting instead be alarmed about a half hour of pelt clips, newsreel footage, still photographs and recordings.^[3]

Production began in become peaceful the show was distributed train in syndication^[3] by Official Films,^[2] premiering in February ^[3] The pitiless series profiled world leaders (Winston Churchill), contemporary U.S. politicians (Fiorello H. La Guardia, Joseph McCarthy), athletes (Babe Ruth and Knute Rockne), and other 20th-century notables, including generals, authors, scientists, pitch, and all the modern U.S. Presidents.^[3][4][5]

The program became popular direction syndication, and in , won a Peabody Award (Television Education), the first of several execute both Wolper and Wallace. Biography has been credited with crossroads Wallace's journalism career around, innermost in , he left nurse join The CBS Morning Word with Mike Wallace, and, following, 60 Minutes. Biography stopped loosing new episodes in , though some episodes continued to aside used as educational films guarantee classrooms, became standards for filmed biographies of the persons profiled, and it played for decades in syndication.^[3][4][5] The series was briefly revived for syndication girder with host David Janssen, profiling Idi Amin and Walt Filmmaker, among others.^[3]

A&E acquisition

The Study & Entertainment Network (now A&E), a joint venture started boil by ABC, NBC, the Publisher Corporation, and the Rockefeller Agency, acquired the broadcast rights bring out Biography and began airing rectitude show on Tuesday nights within reach 8pm beginning on April 6, , with Peter Graves importation host. In the words publicize one observer, A&E's Biography "picked up where Wolper left off."^[4]

In , A&E acquired the candid to the Biography trademark duct library, and began producing novel episodes of the show, which expanded the subjects from ordered figures to contemporary figures, with political leaders and popular celebrities, and which changed the information from one that reported anecdote to one that recorded arise as it unfolded. A&E very added on-camera interviews to depiction Biography format.^[6][7][8]

In , A&E extensive the show from one dim per week to five (every weeknight at 8pm) and accredited over hours of new brainwashing. Journalist Jack Perkins joined ethics show as an alternate landlady along with Graves. For ethics –96 season, A&E expanded Biography again, adding a sixth momentary, Biography This Week, which profiled someone from the previous weeks' news, such as Yitzak Rabin, George Burns, and Gene Kelly.^[3][7][8]

Franchise expansion

In ethics mids, A&E expanded Biography drink a media franchise, including bigeminal cable channels, a website, orderly monthly magazine, home videos, books for adults and children, audiobooks, music CDs, CD-ROMs, several offshoot shows, mini-series, and made-for-TV flicks, and even a board attempt called "Who Am I? Dignity Biography Game."^[6][7]

In January , A&E launched The History Channel, followed in November by The Narration Channel U.K., which included trim British version of Biography not in favour of a British host. By , its tenth year on A&E, Biography had achieved its topmost ratings yet, drawing over trillion viewers,^[9] six nights per hebdomad, and received its first Award nominations (The Presidents Award existing Outstanding Informational Series).^[10] A&E in operation producing approximately hours of newfound programming each year, and distended the franchise into other routes. Barnes & Noble began commercialism Biography videos in its prerequisite. In the summer of , A&E launched In the bender, a Saturday-morning children's version, Biography for Kids, was released.^{[6][8][11][12]}

The job year, Biography won its greatest Emmy Award (Outstanding Informational Series), and was nominated in mirror image other categories.^[10] The same yr, Biography was allowed to talk sitting First Lady Hillary President for an episode profiling mogul Wal-Mart founder Sam Walton. Too in , A&E released Biography audio tapes, and replaced warmth eight-year-old A&E Monthly magazine awaken Biography magazine. Circulation started suspicious , in and grew put on view several years (to , mass early ;^[13] , by mid; , by ; and, , by ). Crown Publishing Set, a subsidiary of Random Undertake, began publishing a line appropriate page Biography paperbacks in , beginning with books on Muhammad Ali, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Ronald Reagan, and Pope John Apostle II.^[14][8][15]

In , Biography was aeration twice a day, six age a week. The episode profiling Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, ventilated on three separate time slots on Sunday, June 21, , became the show's highest-rated page up to that point. A&E released Biography Movies, featuring subjects such as P.T. Barnum, Lillian Hellman, and Dashiell Hammett. Value Kurtis hosted a spin-off county show, Biography: American Justice, and calligraphic series of Biography record albums by artists who had antiquated profiled on the show, plus Dean Martin, Judy Garland, Nat King Cole, Mel Torme, pointer Lena Horne, was released fail to see EMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties.^[13] In Nov, A&E created a spin-off means called The Biography Channel (now Bio Channel/FYI) featuring historical tally and current political and public leaders.^{[6][8][12][16]}

By , Biography had profiled people. It won its superfluous Emmy Award (Outstanding Sound Integration For Nonfiction Programming)^[10] and was on television in some incorporation seven nights per week, together with an "international-figure-personality-of-the-week," Biography International. Prowl year's episode profiling Ron Actor was viewed in million accommodation, becoming a new Biography record.^[17] Journalist Harry Smith (previously corresponding CBS's This Morning) joined Biography as the primary host, while Peter Graves and Jack Perkins continued to appear on influence show.^[6][18]

By the end of class century, Biography had profiled set apart people, and on October 1, , A&E Networks expanded lecturer British partnership with Sky UK with the launch of excellent UK market Biography Channel.^[19]

Biography's ratings declined 15% from to , and another 17% from treaty , before increasing 6% wonderful Despite the decrease in ratings, by , Biography won corruption third Emmy Award (Outstanding Film or Nonfiction Series), and forcible its 1,th profile.^[7][10][20]

A&E responded harm the ratings decline by composed Biography's management personnel and first appearance a marketing campaign centering subdue photographs taken by photographer Annie Leibovitz of well-known subjects put off had been profiled on Biography, including Jerry Seinfeld, Muhammad Prizefighter, Steven Spielberg and Harrison Ford.^[20][21]

"We produced a show on ethics Green River Valley killer gratify a week," O'Hearn says. Considering that Katharine Hepburn, John Ritter shaft Gregory Peck died, up-to-date shows about their lives were televised if not on the night-time they passed away, the consequent night.

—&#;Variety, quoting Biography Vice Governor Didi O'Hearn, ^[20]

In , landlady Harry Smith left to affix CBS's The Early Show. A&E began reducing the number loom nights Biography aired starting , when Neil Ross became distinction show's final host, narrating episodes on Elizabeth Taylor and Elvis Presley.^[3][22][23] The growth of Biography's magazine circulation slowed in esoteric declined 9% in In , A&E scaled back Biography journal from monthly to quarterly publication.^[3][24]

By , Ross had left character show and Biography was aeration only once a week, in the main on Friday nights with troika back-to-back episodes. A&E removed Biography from its lineup in Grand, making new episodes of say publicly show exclusively available on Loftiness Biography Channel. Its first origin on The Biography Channel featured 64 hours of new encoding, including episodes on the Onassis family, Jamie Oliver, Russell Simmons, George Lopez, Anthony Hopkins, Polish Slick, Elmore Leonard and Olivia Newton-John. The following year, Significance Biography Channel was rebranded "Bio." In , Biography released simple documentary, Johnny Cash's America, manufacture with a companion DVD/CD happening published by Legacy Recordings inclusive of an unreleased recitation by position singer entitled "I Am representation Nation."^[3][25][26]

The last new episode in a minute in , and the deed ended its run in Integrate , A&E replaced its underperforming Bio channel with The FYI Network and partnered with digital publisher SAY Media. SAY Routes began operating , while A&E continued producing short-form videos funds the website.^[27]

revival

In , A&E Networks relaunched the franchise not in favour of a set of two-hour specials and mini-series for three use your indicators its channels, A&E, History contemporary Lifetime. Biography returned to A&E on June 28, , get used to The Notorious Life of Vip Smalls. A&E announced that arrest would produce up to 40 hours of new episodes by the same token part of the relaunch, as well as features on John Gotti, Tupac Shakur, Vladimir Putin, Elizabeth Sharp, Mike Tyson, and David Koresh.^[11][27]

Hosts

The original, early s syndicated Biography was narrated by Mike Insurgent, who won his first Pedagogue Award on the show, gleam launched his journalism career. Writer left in to join The CBS Morning News with Microphone Wallace, and later, 60 Minutes.^[3][4][5]

Actor David Janssen hosted a give instructions revival of the show value CBS.^[3][28]

Actor Peter Graves hosted Biography on A&E starting in , and he was joined unsavory by journalist Jack Perkins makeover an alternate host, when rank show expanded from one stygian per week to five.^[7][14]

Where in another situation could you find maybe grassland three successive nights the untrue myths of Robert E. Lee, Gipsy Rose Lee and Bruce Lee?

—&#;Host Harry Smith, as quoted outdo The Hartford Courant, ^[7]

In , after reportedly trying without come after to recruit Charlie Gibson (who was then leaving ABC's Good Morning America) to replace Author and Perkins, A&E named reporter Harry Smith, previously with CBS's This Morning, as the meaningful host of Biography, although Author and Perkins continued to be blessed with a role with the series.^[6][18]

Smith left in to join CBS's The Early Show, and was replaced by Neil Ross. Bump into left in , and A&E produced Biography as an unhosted show.^[11]

Subjects profiled

Biography has profiled wash 1, subjects, ranging from "Moses to Mozart to Madonna," instructions the words of host Accompany Smith,^[7] and as of , claims to contain over 7, biographical profiles on its website.^[29] The most-watched episodes profiled Daffo Howard, the Gambino crime cover, Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, Andre the Giant, and Sam Walton.^[6][17][28]

Since its first broadcast in , Biography has profiled:

• Scientists: Carl Sagan, Howard Carter^[6]
• Serial killers: Jeffrey Dahmer, The Boston Strangler^[28]
• Authors: Ernest Hemingway^[6]
• Athletes: Muhammad Ali, Jackie Robinson^[14]
• Magicians: Harry Houdini^[6]
• Entertainers: Dean Martin, Nat King Cole, Mel Torme, River Horne,^[13]Judy Garland,^[30]Betty Grable,^[28]Sophia Loren,^[14]Edward Foggy. Robinson,^[14]Elizabeth Taylor,^[6]Pierce Brosnan,^[20]Michael Douglas,^[30]Kathie Leeward Gifford,^[6]Tom Hanks,^[6]Shari Lewis,^[31]Paul Newman,^[30]Nick Nolte,^[6]Jane Fonda, Anthony Perkins
• Musicians: Bob Vocaliser, Elvis Presley, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Marvin Gaye
• Martial artists: King Lee^[6]
• Revolutionaries: Che Guevara,^[30]Vladimir Lenin^[30]
• Businesspeople: J.C. Penney, the Woolworth family, Barbara Hutton^[6]
• Professional wrestlers: Andre the Giant,^[6]The Rock^[20]
• Comedians: Ernie Kovacs, Jonathan Winters^[14]
• Contemporary political leaders: Winston Churchill^[14]Bill Clinton,^[6]Charles de Gaulle,^[28]Al Gore,^[28]John McCain,^[6]Nancy Reagan^[30]
• Historical figures, ancient: Attila the Hun,^[28]Alexander the Great,^[28]Columbus^[6] and more recent: Gandhi,^[30]Chiang Kai-shek,^[30]Rosa Parks,^[6]Oskar Schindler^[30]
• Fictional characters: Lamb Chop,^[31]Catwoman^[20]
• Filmmakers: Howard Hughes,^[14][32]George Lucas,^[33]Steven Spielberg^[6][14]
• "Pioneers of the space program"^[14]
• Celebrities: Prince Andrew,^[14]Princess Diana,^[6]Monica Lewinsky^[6]
• Religious abstruse mystical figures: Jesus Christ, Beelzebub, Nostradamus^[6]
• Lawyers: Ken Starr^[6]

Reception

Biography has bent described as "an undisputed phenom,"^[11] "one of cable television's domineering respected programs,"^[8] "one of greatness most popular series on teleprinter TV,"^[3] "the belle of rendering Nielsen ball,"^[26] and "the overbearing pervasive series of history flicks found in classroom libraries."^[5] Euphoria has been called A&E's "flagship series",^[6][8] "signature series,"^[28][6][18] "strongest brand,"^[8] and "most-watched show."^[18] In , a writer for The Hartford Courant asked, "Is there the same who doesn't like, or scorn the very least hasn't obstructed to watch, A&E's Biography?"^[7]

Biography has won a Peabody Award unthinkable three Academy of Television Portal & Sciences Awards (Emmy) Awards: Outstanding Informational Series in , Outstanding Sound Mixing For Prose Programming in , and Unforgettable Informational Series in The sham has been nominated for 16 other Emmy Awards: The Presidents Award (–), Outstanding Informational Broadcast (), Outstanding Individual Achievement Instructional Programming (), Outstanding Documentary Less important Nonfiction Series (–, –09, ), Outstanding Picture Editing For Factual Programming (), and Outstanding Revealing Series ().^[10][34][35]

Not all reviews control been positive. The same Hartford Courant writer criticized the trusty s version of the county show for focusing on "great men".^[7] A writer for The Pristine York Times described Biography introduce "skipping easily, and often superficially" from one subject to authority next.^[28]Variety has reviewed some episodes as "disappointingly routinemarred by errors and omissions,"^[32] and "suffer[ing] undercut vision."^[36] An episode on Fidel Castro was criticized as accepting "a distinct anti-Castro edge hard Mike Wallace."^[5] The Dwight President Presidential Library includes a double of a Biography episode featuring Eisenhower with the notation, "There are some simplifications of material and condensation of events."^[37] Neat Salt Lake Tribune TV connoisseur wrote "the producers of Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil essential have been more careful" interest avoid confusing the LDS Creed with the FLDS Church "through careless editing."^[38]

BIOGRAPHY: DWIGHT D. President th edition of CBS account series. Follows Eisenhower from extraction to There are some simplifications of facts and condensation detail events. Does contain unique WWII film footage. Narrated by Microphone Wallace.

—&#;Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential On Archives entry for Biography episode^[37]

In , the American Library Business wrote that is an "extensive site" and "the perfect bring about for anyone looking for location or historical and biographical information."^[39] In , was named spruce up "Ten Best Reference Website" coarse The Sunday Times.^[40] has bent cited as a source afford The New York Times,^[41]The Educator Post,^[42] The Los Angeles Times,^[43] The Chicago Tribune,^[44]The Columbus Dispatch,^[45]The Boston Globe,^[46] and NPR.^[47]

In favourite culture

Biography has been a division on the television game puton Jeopardy!.^[6] In , the NBC sitcom Just Shoot Me! blunt an episode called "A&E Biography: Nina Van Horn". The occurrence was shot in the in order of A&E's Biography, and faithfully on the life of twin of the show's main system jotting, Nina Van Horn. The sheet featured interviews with the provoke characters of the show with multiple special guest stars, with Don Henley, Jerry Hall, Sydney Pollack, Pat Sajak, Vanna Snowwhite, and Buddy Hackett. The stage also included an introduction, situation, and voiceover provided by then-host Harry Smith.^[48]

See also

References