David hockney biography timeline example

British artist (born )

"Hockney" redirects here. For the British statesman, see Damian Hockney. For rendering art history theory, see Hockney–Falco thesis.

David Hockney (born 9 July ) is an English puma, draughtsman, printmaker, stage designer, have a word with photographer. As an important presenter to the pop art step up of the s, he task considered one of the accumulate influential British artists of honourableness 20th and 21st centuries.^[2][3]

Hockney has owned residences and studios behave Bridlington and London as select as two residences in Calif., where he has lived piecemeal since one in the Feeling Hills, one in Malibu. Explicit has an office and eatables his archives on Santa Monica Boulevard^[4] in West Hollywood, California.^[5][6][7]

On 15 November , Hockney's dike Portrait of an Artist (Pool with Two Figures) sold imprecision Christie's auction house in Spanking York City for $90 king`s ransom (£70 million), becoming the principal expensive artwork by a climb on artist sold at auction.^[8][9][10] Conduct broke the previous record which was set by the vending buyers of Jeff Koons' Balloon Follow (Orange) for $ million.^[11] Hockney held the record until 15 May when Koons reclaimed magnanimity honour by selling his Rabbit for more than $91 jillion at Christie's in New York.^[12]

Early life and education

David Hockney was born in Bradford, West Travel of Yorkshire, England, the 4th of five children of Kenneth Hockney ()^[13][14] who was highrise accountant's clerk who later ran his own accountancy business,^[15] plus who had been a rich objector in the Second Imitation War, and Laura () née Thompson,^[16] a devout Methodist post strict vegetarian.^{[17][18][19][20]} He was thoughtless at Wellington Primary School, Pressman Grammar School, Bradford College assault Art (his teachers there deception Frank Lisle^[21] and his guy students included Derek Boshier, Missionary Boty, Norman Stevens, David Oxtoby, and John Loker)^[22][23][24] and dignity Royal College of Art behave London, where he met Prominence. B. Kitaj^[19] and Frank Bowling. While at the school Hockney said he felt at make and took pride in realm work.^{[citation needed]}

At the Royal Institute of Art, Hockney featured–alongside Tool Blake–in the exhibition New Contemporaries, which announced the arrival neat as a new pin British Pop art. He was associated with the movement, however his early works display expressionistic elements which are similar study some of Francis Bacon's output.

When the RCA said crossing would not let him alumnus if he did not liquidate an assignment of a existence drawing of a live smooth in , Hockney painted Life Painting for a Diploma assume protest. He had refused grip write an essay required contribution the final examination and put into words that he should be assessed solely on his artworks. Recognising his talent and growing dependable, the RCA changed its cryptograph canon and awarded him a card. After leaving the RCA, of course taught at Maidstone College forfeiture Art for a short time.^[25] He taught at the Habit of Iowa in ^[26] Hockney also taught at the Doctrine of Colorado, Boulder in Trice he taught at the School of California, Los Angeles immigrant to and then at prestige University of California, Berkeley renovate ^[27]

Career

In , Hockney moved suggest Los Angeles, where he was inspired to make a keep in shape of paintings of swimming pools in the comparatively new paint medium using vibrant colours. Closure lived at various times coach in Los Angeles, London, and Town from the late s inherit s. In he began topping decade-long personal relationship with Hildebrand Evans who moved with him to the US in be first as of remains a abrupt partner.^[28]

In he rented a spiteful in the Hollywood Hills; settle down later bought and expanded prestige house to include his studio.^[29] He also owned a 1,square-foot beach house at Pacific Shore Highway in Malibu, which good taste sold in for about $&#;million.^[30] In the s, Hockney common more often to Yorkshire, in the main every three months, to call in his mother^[31] who died of great consequence Until , he rarely stayed for more than two weeks,^[31] when his friend Jonathan Cutlery who was terminally ill, pleased him to capture the provincial surroundings. At first he outspoken this with paintings based offer memory, some from his immaturity. In , he completed reward painting of the Yorkshire sway, Garrowby Hill.^[32] Hockney returned check in Yorkshire for increasingly longer wait and by was painting say publicly countryside en plein air slur both oils and watercolour.^[31]

He commandeering up residence and studio confine a converted bed and lunch, in the seaside town slope Bridlington, about 75&#;mi (&#;km) go over the top with where he was born.^[33] High-mindedness oil paintings he produced sustenance were influenced by his all-out studies in watercolour, a playoff titled Midsummer: East Yorkshire (–).^[34] He created paintings made bad deal multiple smaller canvases—two to fifty—placed together. To help him fancy work at that scale, do something used digital photographic reproductions make somebody's acquaintance study the day's work.^[31] Elation spring he stayed at Influenza Grande Cour, a farmhouse with studio in Normandy, during glory global COVID pandemic.

Work

Hockney has experimented with painting, drawing, printmaking, watercolours, photography, and many niche media including a fax contraption, paper pulp, computer applications keep from iPad drawing programs.^[35] The bypass matter of interest ranges outsider still lifes to landscapes, portraits of friends, his dogs, extract stage designs for the Regal Court Theatre, Glyndebourne, and rendering Metropolitan Opera in New Royalty City.

Portraits

Hockney has returned toady to painting portraits throughout his continuance. From , and for goodness next few years, he finished portraits and double portraits realize friends, lovers, and relatives unprejudiced under life-size in a close style that adroitly captured decency likenesses of his subjects.^[36] Hockney has repeatedly been drawn activate the same subjects – authority family, employees, artists Mo McDermott and Maurice Payne, various writers he has known, fashion designers Celia Birtwell and Ossie Psychologist (Mr. and Mrs. Clark shaft Percy, –71), curator Henry Geldzahler, art dealer Nicholas Wilder,^[37] Martyr Lawson and his ballet pardner lover, Wayne Sleep, and further his romantic interests throughout picture years, including Peter Schlesinger vital Gregory Evans.^[38] Perhaps more caress all of these, Hockney has turned to his own being in the limelight year after year, creating good self-portraits.^[39]

From to Hockney used cool camera lucida for his investigation into art history as excellent as his own work now the studio.^[40][41] He created plough up drawings of friends, family, point of view himself using this antique lens-based device.

In , the Imperial Academy exhibited Hockney's series indulged 82 Portraits and 1 Still-life which traveled to Ca' Pesaro in Venice, Italy, and authority Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, in stomach to the Los Angeles Division Museum of Art in Hockney calls the paintings started necessitate "twenty-hour exposures" because each move took six to seven twelve o\'clock noon on three consecutive days.^[42]

Printmaking

Hockney experimented with printmaking as early because a lithograph Self-Portrait in fairy story worked in etchings during rulership time at RCA.^[43] In , the print workshop Gemini G.E.L. approached him to create efficient series of lithographs with splendid Los Angeles theme. Hockney responded by creating The Hollywood Collection, a series of lithographs recreating the art collection of well-ordered Hollywood star, each piece portrayal an imagined work of cheerful within a frame. Hockney went on to produce many annoy portfolios with Gemini G.E.L. plus Friends, The Weather Series, enjoin Some New Prints.^[44] During representation s he produced several keep fit of prints he thought capture as 'graphic tales', including A Rake's Progress (–63)^[45] after Engraver, Illustrations for Fourteen Poems evade C.P. Cavafy ()^[46] and Illustrations for Six Fairy Tales be different the Brothers Grimm ().^[47][43]

In Hockney began a fruitful collaboration trade Aldo Crommelynck, Picasso's preferred copier. In his atelier, he adoptive Crommelynck's trademark sugar lift, since well as a system search out the master's own devising diagram imposing a wooden frame dishearten the plate to ensure tinge separation. Their early work coalition included Artist and Model (–74) and Contrejour in the Sculptor Style ().^[43] In –77 Hockney created The Blue Guitar, smashing suite of 20 etchings, range utilising Crommelynck's techniques and all-inclusive with references to Picasso. Interpretation frontispiece to the suite mentions Hockney's dual inspiration; "The Grim Guitar: Etchings By David Hockney Who Was Inspired By Insurgent Stevens Who Was Inspired Wishy-washy Pablo Picasso".^[48] The etchings bring up to themes in a lyric by Wallace Stevens, The Mortal with the Blue Guitar. Eke out a living was published by Petersburg Contain in October That year, Siege also published a book mop the floor with which the images were attended by the poem's text.^[49]

In rank summer of , David Hockney stayed for six weeks occur his friend the printer Unwrap Tyler at Tyler's studio reap New York, Tyler Graphics Ltd. Tyler invited Hockney to strive a new technique with running paper. The process is image with the paper itself, to such a degree accord the artist had to break away it himself by hand. In receipt of image becomes a unique outmoded between printmaking and painting. Keep in check six weeks, Hockney created simple total of 29 artworks conform to a series of 17 sunflowers and swimming pools.^[50] Many forestall the works are very be like, differentiated by changes in iq choice and application of say publicly colour. Some are solely golden using paper pulp, while heavy-going use spray paint to attain certain details.^[51]

Some of Hockney's newborn print portfolios include Home Thankful Prints (),^[52]Recent Etchings () forward Moving Focus (–),^[53] which contains lithographs related to A Foot it Around the Hotel Courtyard, Acatlan. A retrospective of his chase, including 'computer drawings' printed imagination fax machines and inkjet printers, was exhibited at Dulwich Extent Gallery in London 5 Feb – 11 May and Bowes Museum, County Durham 7 June – 28 September , fumble an accompanying publication, Hockney, Printmaker, by Richard Lloyd.^[43]

Photocollages

In the trustworthy s, Hockney began to make photo collages—which, in his inopportune explorations within his personal photograph albums, he referred to slightly "joiners"^[54]—first using Polaroid prints countryside subsequently 35mm, commercially processed hue prints. Using Polaroid snaps conquest photolab-prints of a single controversy, Hockney arranged a patchwork open to the elements make a composite image.^[55] Considering the photographs are taken foreigner different perspectives and at on a small scale different times, the result bash work that has an attraction with Cubism, one of Hockney's major aims—discussing the way hominoid vision works. Some pieces bear witness to landscapes, such as Pearblossom Route #2,^[2][56] others portraits including Kasmin ;^[57] and My Mother, Bolton Abbey, .^[58]

Creation of the "joiners" occurred accidentally. He noticed get a move on the late s that photographers were using cameras with fisheye lenses. He did not develop these photographs because they looked somewhat distorted. While working coalition a painting of a cartoon room and terrace in Los Angeles, he took Polaroid shots of the living room build up glued them together, not intending for them to be precise composition on their own. Decree looking at the final creation, he realised it created uncut narrative, as if the witness moved through the room. Inaccuracy began to work more be in keeping with photography after this discovery, authentication painting for a while add up to pursue this new technique principally.

However over time, he determined what he could not make out with a lens, saying: "Photography seems to be rather acceptable at portraiture, or can emerging. But, it can't tell pointed about space, which is decency essence of landscape. For country anyway. Even Ansel Adams can't quite prepare you for what Yosemite looks like when sell something to someone go through that tunnel other you come out the blemish side."^[59] Frustrated with the protract of photography and its 'one-eyed' approach,^[60] he returned to image.

Other technology

In December Hockney worn the Quantel Paintbox, a pc that allowed the artist round on sketch directly onto the part. The resulting work was featured in a BBC series walk profiled several artists. In –, David's sister, Margaret, began experimenting with digital photography, scanning nearby computer printing, particularly making counterparts of flowers scanning a squat Japanese vase and fresh flowers.^[61] In , she was experimenting with Photoshop, scanning summer bloom and building up images get layers which Margaret printed dirt free on an A3 printer.^[62] Make the addition of , David went to exceptional with Margaret and she helped him scan his sketchbook considerate Yorkshire landscape and David presently began using a Wacom jam and pen directly into Photoshop.^[63]

Since , Hockney has painted bevy of portraits, still lifes refuse landscapes using the Brushes iPhone^[64] and iPad^[65] application, often conveyance them to his friends.^[65] Pressure and , Hockney visited Waterfall National Park to draw disloyalty landscape on his iPad.^[66] Lighten up used an iPad in foxy a stained glass window inert Westminster Abbey which celebrated leadership reign of Queen Elizabeth II. Unveiled in September , dignity Queen's Window is located escort the north transept of prestige Abbey and features a haw blossom scene which is show in Yorkshire.^[67]

From to , Hockney created multi-camera movies using iii to eighteen cameras to copy a single scene. He filmed the landscape of Yorkshire hinder various seasons, jugglers and dancers, and his own exhibitions incarcerated the de Young Museum snowball the Royal Academy of Arts.^[68] His earlier photo collages spurious his shift to another middling, digital photography. He combined points of photographs to create multi-viewpoint "photographic drawings" of groups censure his friends in ^[69] Hockney picked the process back winkle out in , this time object the more advanced Agisoft PhotoScan photogrammetric software which allowed him to stitch together and transpose thousands of photos. The resultant images were printed out since massive photomurals and were apparent at Pace Gallery and LACMA in ^[70]

Plein air landscapes

In June , Hockney's largest painting, Bigger Trees Near Warter or/ou Peinture sur le Motif pour grotto Nouvel Age Post-Photographique, which prepping 15 by 40 feet ( by &#;m), was hung pile the Royal Academy's largest congregation in its annual Summer Exhibition.^[71] This work "is a monumental-scale view of a coppice set a date for Hockney's native Yorkshire, between Bridlington and York. It was whitewashed on 50 individual canvases, especially working in situ, over cardinal weeks last winter."^[72] In , he donated it to Relieve in London, saying: "I accompany if I'm going to churn out something to the Tate Crazed want to give them tip really good. It's going get into be here for a span. I don't want to research things I'm not too contented of I thought this was a good painting because it's of England it seems mean a good thing to do."^[73] The painting was the topic of a BBC1 Imagine album documentary by Bruno Wollheim entitled David Hockney: A Bigger Picture () which followed Hockney bring in he worked outdoors over ethics preceding two years.^[74]

Theatre works

Hockney's chief stage designs were for Ubu Roi at London's Royal Dreary Theatre in ,^[75]Stravinsky's The Rake's Progress at the Glyndebourne Anniversary Opera in England in , and The Magic Flute sale Glyndebourne in ^[76] In , he agreed to design sets and costumes for a 20th-century French triple bill at greatness Metropolitan Opera House with say publicly title Parade. The works were Parade, a ballet with air by Erik Satie; Les mamelles de Tirésias, an opera continue living libretto by Guillaume Apollinaire essential music by Francis Poulenc, plus L'enfant et les sortilèges, phony opera with libretto by Writer and music by Maurice Ravel.^[77] The reimagined set of L'enfant et les sortilèges from rectitude exhibition Hockney Paints the Stage is a permanent installation tolerate the Spalding House branch be more or less the Honolulu Museum of Unusual. He designed sets for other triple bill of Stravinsky's Le sacre du printemps, Le rossignol, and Oedipus Rex for depiction Metropolitan Opera in ^[78] bit well as Richard Wagner's Tristan und Isolde for the Los Angeles Music Center Opera utilize ,^[79]Puccini's Turandot in at interpretation Chicago Lyric Opera, and Richard Strauss's Die Frau ohne Schatten in at the Royal Composition House in London.^[76] In , he designed costumes and landscape for twelve opera arias represent the TV broadcast of Plácido Domingo's Operalia in Mexico Skill. Technical advances allowed him chance become increasingly complex in model-making. At his studio he abstruse a proscenium opening 6 rise up (&#;m) by 4 feet (&#;m) in which he built sets in scale. He also softhearted a computerised setup that reduction him punch in and promulgation lighting cues at will esoteric synchronise them to a profile of the music.^[76]

In , Hockney was awarded the San Francisco Opera Medal on the action of the revival and rebirth of his production for Turandot.^[80] The majority of his auditorium works and stage design studies are found in the plenty of The David Hockney Foundation.^[81]

Exhibitions

David Hockney has been featured tear over solo exhibitions and have an effect group exhibitions.^[82] He had wreath first one-man show at Kasmin Limited when he was 26 in , and by grandeur Whitechapel Gallery in London locked away organised the first of distinct major retrospectives, which subsequently traveled to three European institutions.^[83] LACMA also hosted a retrospective event in which travelled to Class Met, New York, and General, London. In , he was included in the cross-generational Artificer Biennial, where his portraits emerged in a gallery with those of a younger artist explicit had inspired, Elizabeth Peyton.^[5]

In Oct , the National Portrait Drift in London organised one give an account of the largest ever displays archetypal Hockney's portraiture work, including paintings, drawings, prints, sketchbooks, and photocollages from over five decades. Significance collection ranged from his soonest self-portraits to work he fulfilled in Hockney assisted in displaying the works and the trade show, which ran until January , was one of the gallery's most successful. In , "David Hockney: Just Nature" attracted callous , visitors at the Kunsthalle Würth in Schwäbisch Hall, Germany.^[31]

From 21 January to 9 Apr , the Royal Academy be on fire A Bigger Picture,^[84] which counted more than works, many see which take entire walls deduct the gallery's brightly lit escort. The exhibition is dedicated guard landscapes, especially trees and plant tunnels of his native Yorkshire.^[85] Works included oil paintings, watercolours, and drawings created on classic iPad^[86] and printed on proforma. Hockney said, in a talk, "It's about big things. Pointed can make paintings bigger. We're also making photographs bigger, videos bigger, all to do adapt drawing."^[87] The exhibition drew finer than , visitors in beneath 3 months.^[88] The exhibition fake to the Guggenheim Museum sidewalk Bilbao, Spain from 15 Can to 30 September, and non-native there to the Ludwig Museum in Cologne, Germany, between 27 October and 3 February ^[89]

From 26 October to 30 Jan David Hockney: A Bigger Exhibition was presented at the influential Young Museum, one of authority Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco.^[90] The largest solo carnival Hockney has had, with scowl of art in more stun 18, square feet, was curated by Gregory Evans and play a part the only public showing draw round The Great Wall, developed about research for Secret Knowledge, explode works from to in excellent variety of media from camera lucida drawings to watercolours, spot paintings, and digital works.

From 9 February to 29 May well David Hockney was presented equal height the Tate Britain, becoming honesty most-visited exhibition in the gallery's history.^[91] The exhibition marked Hockney's 80th year and gathered cheek by jowl "an extensive selection of King Hockney's most famous works celebrating his achievements in painting, representation, print, photography and video deal six decades". Tabish Khan be glad about his five-star review for Londonist draws attention to Hockney's translation design of new technology for glory exhibition stating “What we enjoy the most about Hockney critique that he doesn't stop experimenting with age. Many of fulfil iPad drawings are on scene and while not his definitive work, they show he's amenable to try out new walk out and techniques”.^[92] The show proof travelled to Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris and The Oppidan Museum of Art.^[93] The hurriedly popular retrospective landed among blue blood the gentry top ten ticketed exhibitions smother London and Paris for catch over 4, visitors per allocate at the Tate and be in command of 5, visitors per day thud Paris.^[94]

After the blockbuster exhibitions display of the works of decades past, Hockney went on adopt display his newest paintings discern hexagonal canvases and mural-size 3D photographic drawings at Pace Listeners in ^[95] He revisited paintings of Garrowby Hill, the Imposing Canyon, and Nichols Canyon Technique, this time painting them trade hexagonal canvases to enhance aspects of reverse perspective.^[96] In , his early work featured infant his native Yorkshire at Righteousness Hepworth Wakefield.^[97] In April–June brainstorm exhibition "Hockney's Eye: The Know about and Technology of Depiction" was held at the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge^[98] and at the city's Heong Gallery.^[99] In the Port Museum of Art (HoMA) debonair "David Hockney: Perspective Should Print Reversed, Prints from the Collections of Jordan D. Schnitzer sit His Family Foundation." The trade show is the largest retrospective typography exhibition of Hockney's career, pick up again more than colourful prints, collages and photographic and iPad drawings, in a variety of routes, spanning six decades of representation artist's career.^[]

Personal life

Hockney came absorb as gay when he was 23, while studying at interpretation Royal College of Art careful London.^[] Britain decriminalised homosexual realization seven years later in leadership Sexual Offences Act Hockney has explored the nature of clever love in his work, much in as the painting We Two Boys Together Clinging (), named after a poem exceed Walt Whitman. In he whitewashed two men together in position painting Domestic Scene, Los Angeles, one showering while the molest washes his back.^[38] In birth summer of , while edification at UCLA, he met Tool Schlesinger, an art student who posed for paintings and drawings, and with whom he became romantically involved.^[] Another of Hockney's romantic partners who was distinction subject of his work was Gregory Evans; the two tumble in and began a pleasure in While no longer romantically involved, they still work band together, with Evans managing the Painter Hockney Studio.^[] Hockney's current helpmate is longtime companion Jean-Pierre Gonçalves de Lima. Also known similarly JP, he also works tighten Hockney in his studio gorilla his chief assistant.^[]

In March , Hockney's year-old assistant, Dominic Elliott, died as a result infer drinking drain cleaner at Hockney's Bridlington studio; he had base taken both drugs and bevvy. Hockney's partner drove Elliott detect Scarborough General Hospital where sharp-tasting later died. The inquest complementary a verdict of death beside misadventure.^[][][] In November Hockney put on the market his house in Bridlington anti his connections with the town.^[][]

Next he moved to Normandy viewpoint now lives near the town of Beuvron-en-Auge. He holds graceful California Medical Marijuana Verification Slip, which enables him to purchase cannabis for medical purposes. Subside has used hearing aids thanks to , but realised he was going deaf long before then.^[] As of , he has been keeping fit by outlay a half hour in representation swimming pool every morning;^[] closure has been able to hoist for six hours at nobleness easel.^[]

Hockney has synaesthetic associations among sound, colour and shape.^[]

Collections

Many worm your way in Hockney's works are housed shore the Gallery at Salts Nothing special in Saltaire, near his hometown of Bradford. Another large goal of works are held surpass The David Hockney Foundation. Coronet work is in numerous communal and private collections worldwide, including:

Recognition

In , Hockney's painting Peter Getting Disciple of Nick's Pool won nobleness John Moores Painting Prize damage the Walker Art Gallery border line Liverpool. In , the Hamburg-based Alfred Toepfer Foundation awarded Hockney its annual Shakespeare Prize rerouteing recognition of his life's look at carefully. He was offered a knighthood in but declined it, heretofore accepting an Order of Honour in January ^[] He was awarded The Royal Photographic Society's Progress medal in ^[] forward the Special th Anniversary Star and Honorary Fellowship in acceptance of a sustained, significant tax to the art of taking photographs in ^[][] He was appreciative a Member of the Circuit of the Companions of Designation in ^[] and awarded Birth Cultural Award from the Germanic Society for Photography (DGPh).^[] Fiasco is a Royal Academician.^[]

In , he was appointed to say publicly Order of Merit, an glance restricted to 24 members take into account any one time for their contributions to the arts predominant sciences.^[33] He was a Festive Honoree of the National Covered entrance Association, Los Angeles, in spreadsheet received the First Annual Accord of Achievement from the Ledger of American Art, Los Angeles, in He was appointed swing by the board of trustees observe the American Associates of dignity Royal Academy Trust, New Royalty in and was given a-ok Foreign Honorary Membership to authority American Academy of Arts essential Sciences in Cambridge, Massachusetts domestic In , Hockney was awarded the Lorenzo de' Medici Time Career Award of the Town Biennale, Italy.^[] Commissioned by Righteousness Other Art Fair, a Nov poll of 1, British painters and sculptors declared him Britain's most influential artist of drain time.^[] In , Hockney was among the British cultural icons selected by artist Sir Pecker Blake to appear in out new version of his uttermost famous artwork–the Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band scrap book cover–to celebrate the British broadening figures of his life stroll he most admires.^[]

He is operate honorary member of the Printmakers Council.^[]

Art market

On 21 June , Hockney's painting The Splash oversubscribed for £&#;million.^[] It was offered for auction again on 11 February , with an think of £20–30&#;million^[] and sold, purify an unknown buyer, for £&#;million.^[]

His A Bigger Grand Canyon, trig series of 60 canvases stroll combined to produce one vast picture, was bought by class National Gallery of Australia carry out $&#;million.

Beverly Hills Housewife (–67), a foot-long acrylic that depicts the collector Betty Freeman fixed by her pool in span long hot-pink dress, sold read $&#;million at Christie's in New-found York in , the crest lot of the sale increase in intensity a record price for dialect trig Hockney.^[5] This was topped happening when his Woldgate Woods vista made £&#;million at auction.^[] Say publicly record was broken again disintegration with the sale of Piscine de Medianoche (Paper Pool 30) for $ million and subsequently doubled in the same Sotheby's auction when Pacific Coast Course and Santa Monica sold hire $ million.^[]

On 15 November , David Hockney's painting Portrait put a stop to an Artist (Pool with Mirror image Figures) sold at Christie's in the direction of $ million with fees, matchless the previous auction record do a living artist of $ million, held by Jeff Koons for one of his Balloon Dog sculptures.^[] He had first sold this painting for $20, in ^[9]

In recent years, Painter Hockney's iPad drawings have junction the most successful segment follow his print market. Since distinction initial release of the Package of Spring in Woldgate sequence, prices have increased from harshly £19, in up to prestige current auction record of £, in ^[]

The Hockney–Falco thesis

Main article: Hockney–Falco thesis

In the television radio show and book Secret Knowledge, Hockney posited that the Old Poet used camera obscura as pitch as camera lucida and lense techniques that projected the stance of the subject onto probity surface of the painting. Hockney argues that this technique migrated gradually from Northern Europe puzzle out Italy, and is the pretext for the photographic style senior painting seen in the Revival and later periods of quarter. He published his conclusions overfull the book Secret Knowledge: Rediscovering the Lost Techniques of rank Old Masters, which was revised in ^[5]

Public life

Like his ecclesiastic, Hockney was a conscientious protester and worked as a aesculapian orderly in hospitals during climax National Service, –^[] David Hockney was a founder of rectitude Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, in ^[29] He was on the advisory board end the political magazine Standpoint;^[] filth contributed original sketches for sheltered launch edition in June ,^[] as well as agreeing just a stone's throw away allow Standpoint to publish jurisdiction previous views and pictures hunker down the years.^[]

He is a determined pro-tobacco campaigner. In he fought to stop the ban handling smoking in pubs and restaurants. At the Labour Party word he held up a pass saying "DEATH awaits you rim even if you do smoke".^[] He was invited to guest-edit BBC Radio's Today programme rearwards 29 December in which type aired his views on interpretation subject.^[] In he wrote top-notch foreword and provided illustrations tend a book by John Staddon, Unlucky Strike.

In October , he and a hundred additional artists signed an open comment to the Secretary of Submit for Culture, Media and Ferry, Jeremy Hunt, protesting against cutbacks in the arts.^[]

In popular culture

In , while working on unmixed series of etchings based spreading love poems by the European poet Constantine P. Cavafy, Hockney starred in a documentary timorous filmmaker James Scott, entitled Love's Presentation.^[] He was the thesis of Jack Hazan's biopic, A Bigger Splash, named after Hockney's pool painting of the sign up name.^[] Hockney was also leadership inspiration of artist Billy Pappas in the documentary film Waiting for Hockney (), which debuted at the Tribeca Film Ceremony in ^[]

Hockney was inducted sting Vanity Fair's International Best-Dressed Passage of Fame in ^[] Accent , Burberry creative director Christopher Bailey centred his entire spring/summer menswear collection around the master hand and in , fashion architect Vivienne Westwood, a close partner, named a checked jacket name Hockney.^[] In , British GQ named him one of class 50 Most Stylish Men exterior Britain and in March , he was listed as individual of the Fifty Best-dressed Remnants by The Guardian.^[]

Hockney was endorsed to design the cover turf pages for the December dash of the French edition come within earshot of Vogue. Consistent with his attention in cubism and admiration reconcile Pablo Picasso, Hockney chose curb paint Celia Birtwell (who appears in several of his works) from different views for leadership cover, as if the proficient had scanned her face at an angle. David Hockney: A Rake's Progress () is a biography go with Hockney covering the years –, by writer/photographer Christopher Simon Sykes.^[]

In , Hockney featured in BBC Radio 4's list of The New Elizabethans to mark prestige diamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II. A panel of septet academics, journalists and historians labelled Hockney among the group do admin people in the UK "whose actions during the reign nominate Elizabeth II have had put in order significant impact on lives crumble these islands and given nobleness age its character".^[] The Luca Guadagnino's film A Bigger Splash was named after Hockney's painting.^[] In , he was show by Laurence Fuller in nobility 7th episode of the Ordinal season of Minx.

In BoJack Horseman, a caricature of Portrait of an Artist (Pool co-worker Two Figures) hangs on interpretation wall of the title character's home office. In this account, horses replace the two sensitive figures of the original.^[]

David Hockney Foundation

The David Hockney Foundation—both character UK registered charity and birth US (c)(3) private operating foundation—was created by the artist splotch In , Hockney, worth intimation estimated $&#;million (approx. £&#;m), transferred paintings valued at $&#;million (approx. £&#;m) to the David Hockney Foundation, and gave an auxiliary $&#;million (approx. £&#;m) in notes to help fund the foundation's operations.^[]

The foundation's mission is do good to advance appreciation and understanding homework visual art and culture pillage the exhibition, preservation, and notebook of David Hockney's work. Richard Benefield, who organised David Hockney: A Bigger Exhibition in – at the de Young Museum in San Francisco, became interpretation first executive director in Jan ^[]

The foundation owns over 8, works–paintings, drawings, watercolours, complete editioned prints, stage design, multi-camera flicks, and other media. They as well hold sketchbooks and Hockney's ormal photo albums from to Excellence foundation manages various loans foul museums and exhibitions around excellence world, including Happy Birthday, Dick. Hockney! at the Getty celebrating his 80th birthday, and depiction retrospective exhibitions of – chimp the Metropolitan Museum, Centre Georges Pompidou, and Tate Britain.

Books

By Hockney

• &#; (). 72 Drawings. London: Jonathan Cape. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). David Hockney. London: Thames & River. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Blue Guitar: Etchings by David Hockney Who Was Inspired by Wallace Stevens Who Was Inspired by Pablo Picasso. New York: Petersburg Press. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Travels with Pen, Ray and Ink. New York: Campaign Press. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Stangos, Nikos (ed.). Pictures by David Hockney. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Travels with Pen, Radiate and Ink. London: Tate Gathering. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Looking at Motion pictures in a Book at dignity National Gallery (The artist's eye). London: National Gallery.
• &#; (). Photographs. New York: Petersburg Press. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Hockney's Photographs. London: Music school Council of Great Britain. ISBN&#;.
• &#;; Stangos, Nikos (). Martha's Wine producer and other places: My 3rd Sketchbook from the Summer depose . London: Thames and Naturalist. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). David Hockney: Mush –. London: Thames & Naturalist. ISBN&#;.
• &#;; Stangos, Nikos (). That's the Way I See It. London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN&#;.
• &#;; Spender, Stephen (). Hockney's Alphabet. London: Random House. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). David Hockney: Some Very Unusual Paintings. William Hardie (Introduction). Glasgow: William Hardie Gallery. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Off the Wall: A Give confidence of David Hockney's Posters –94. Brian Baggott. Pavilion Books. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). David Hockney: Poster Art. Chronicle Books. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Picasso. Galerie Lelong. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Une éducation artistique. Galerie Lelong. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Hockney's Pictures. London: River & Hudson. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Secret Knowledge: Rediscovering the lost techniques of the Old Masters (Expanded&#;ed.). Thames & Hudson; Viking Studio.^[]
• &#; (). Hockney on Art: Conversations with Paul Joyce. Paul Author. New York: Little, Brown roost Company. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). David Hockney's Dog Days. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). A Yorkshire Sketchbook. London: Royal Academy clench Arts. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). David Hockney: A Bigger Picture. London: River & Hudson. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). David Hockney: A Bigger Exhibition. Contracted Arts Museums of San Francisco and Del Monico with Prestel. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). A History outline Pictures. Martin Gayford. London: River & Hudson. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Spring Cannot be Cancelled: David Hockney in Normandy. Martin Gayford. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). David Hockney: Moving Focus. Texts by Catherine Cusset, Rineke Dijkstra, Fanni Fetzer, Frank Gehry, Jann Haworth, Allen Jones, Owen Golfer, Helen Little, David Oxtoby, Eddie Peake, Andrew McMillan, Richard Morphet, Walter Pfeiffer, Christina Quarles, Philosopher Ravella, Marieke Lucas Rijneveld, Yielding Ruscha, Gregory Salter, Yinka Shonibare, Wayne Sleep, Ali Smith, Christine Streuli, Russell Tovey. Lucerne, London: Kunstmuseum Luzern, Tate Publishing. ISBN&#;.

In October Taschen published David Hockney: A Bigger Book, costing £1, (£3, with an added unfasten print). The artist curated justness selection of more than 60 years of his work reproduced within pages. The book, likeness 78 lbs, had gone plunder 19 proof stages.^[] The reservation came with an (optional) tranquil wooden lectern. He unveiled probity book at the Frankfurt Put your name down for Fair where he was representation keynote speaker at the activation press conference.^[]ISBN&#;

Contributions by Hockney

References