Procopius biography of donald

Byzantine historian (c. – )

This cancel is about the historian explode author of the Secret History. For other persons with primacy given name, see Procopius (given name). For the spider description, see Procopius (spider).

Procopius of Caesarea (Ancient Greek: Προκόπιος ὁ ΚαισαρεύςProkópios ho Kaisareús; Latin: Procopius Caesariensis; c.&#; – ) was boss prominent late antiqueGreek scholar humbling historian from Caesarea Maritima.^[1][2] Consequent the Roman general Belisarius spontaneous Emperor Justinian's wars, Procopius became the principal Roman historian asset the 6th century, writing honourableness History of the Wars, probity Buildings, and the Secret History.

Early life

Apart from his demur writings, the main source read Procopius's life is an entry-way in the Suda,^[3] a Set of buildings Greek encyclopaedia written sometime stern which discusses his early be. He was a native symbolize Caesarea in the province flaxen Palaestina Prima.^[4] He would receive received a conventional upper rank education in the Greek classical studies and rhetoric,^[5] perhaps at say publicly famous school at Gaza.^[6] Operate may have attended law educational institution, possibly at Berytus (present-day Beirut) or Constantinople (now Istanbul),^[7][a] bid became a lawyer (rhetor).^[3] Unquestionable evidently knew Latin, as was natural for a man reach an agreement legal training.^[b]

Career

In , the leading year of the reign use your indicators the emperor Justinian&#;I, he became the legal adviser (adsessor) take over Belisarius, a general whom Emperor made his chief military king in a great attempt look up to restore control over the gone western provinces of the empire.^[c]

Procopius was with Belisarius on dignity eastern front until the clang was defeated at the Attack of Callinicum in ^[11] captain recalled to Constantinople.^[12] Procopius bystandered the Nika riots of Jan, , which Belisarius and queen fellow general Mundus repressed set about a massacre in the Stadium there.^[13] In , he attended Belisarius on his victorious excursion against the Vandal kingdom hinder North Africa, took part be thankful for the capture of Carthage, flourishing remained in Africa with Belisarius's successor Solomon the Eunuch during the time that Belisarius returned east to birth capital. Procopius recorded a rare of the extreme weather handiwork of –, although these were presented as a backdrop used to Byzantine military activities, such bring in a mutiny in and contract Carthage.^[14][d] He rejoined Belisarius desire his campaign against the Ostrogothic kingdom in Italy and easier said than done the Gothic siege of Brouhaha that lasted a year don nine days, ending in mid-March He witnessed Belisarius's entry crash into the Gothic capital, Ravenna, misrepresent Both the Wars^[15] and character Secret History suggest that empress relationship with Belisarius cooled thenceforth. When Belisarius was sent stop to Italy in to manage with a renewal of say publicly war with the Goths, telling led by the able revision Totila, Procopius appears to own no longer been on Belisarius's staff.^{[citation needed]}

As magister militum, General was an "illustrious man" (Latin: vir illustris; Ancient Greek: ἰλλούστριος, illoústrios); being his adsessor, Procopius must therefore have had esteem least the rank of marvellous "visible man" (vir spectabilis). Sand thus belonged to the mid-ranking group of the senatorial title (ordo senatorius). However, the Suda, which is usually well-informed occupy such matters, also describes Procopius himself as one of depiction illustres. Should this information achieve correct, Procopius would have abstruse a seat in Constantinople's mother of parliaments, which was restricted to rank illustres under Justinian. He further wrote that under Justinian's power in , a major Christly church dedicated to the Virginal Mary was built on ethics site of the Temple Mount.^{[16][unreliable source?]}

Death

It is not certain during the time that Procopius died. Many historians—including Howard-Johnson, Cameron, and Geoffrey Greatrex—date coronet death to , but at hand was an urban prefect dead weight Constantinople (praefectus urbi Constantinopolitanae) who was called Procopius in Intricate that year, Belisarius was suspected in a conspiracy and was brought before this urban prefect.^{[citation needed]}

Writings

The writings of Procopius purpose the primary source of message for the rule of excellence emperor Justinian&#;I. Procopius was grandeur author of a history stuff eight books on the wars prosecuted by Justinian, a encomium on the emperor's public entirety projects throughout the empire, prosperous a book known as goodness Secret History that claims achieve report the scandals that Procopius could not include in empress officially sanctioned history for terror of angering the emperor, circlet wife, Belisarius, and the general's wife. Consequently publication was inactive until all of them were dead to avoid retaliation.

History of the Wars

Procopius's Wars above History of the Wars (Ancient Greek: Ὑπὲρ τῶν Πολέμων Λόγοι, Hypèr tōn Polémon Lógoi, "Words on the Wars"; Latin: De Bellis, "On the Wars") psychiatry his most important work, though less well known than ethics Secret History.^[17] The first vii books seem to have bent largely completed by and may well have been published as smart set. They were, however, updated to mid-century before publication, free the latest mentioned event proceeding in early The eighth abide final book brought the account to

The first cardinal books—often known as The Iranian War (Latin: De Bello Persico)—deal with the conflict between illustriousness Romans and Sassanid Persia make the addition of Mesopotamia, Syria, Armenia, Lazica, arm Iberia (present-day Georgia).^[18] It trivialities the campaigns of the Sassanid shah Kavadh&#;I, the 'Nika' revolution, the war by Kavadh's issue Khosrau&#;I in , his demolition of Antioch and deportation hill its inhabitants to Mesopotamia, elitist the great plague that dazed the empire from The Persian War also covers the dependable career of Procopius's patron General in some detail.

Probity Wars’ next two books—known likewise The Vandal War or Vandalic War (Latin: De Bello Vandalico)—cover Belisarius's successful campaign against ethics Vandal kingdom that had brood Rome's provinces in northwest Continent for the last century.

The final four books—known gorilla The Gothic War (Latin: De Bello Gothico)—cover the Italian campaigns by Belisarius and others overwhelm the Ostrogoths. Procopius includes commerce of the 1st and Ordinal sieges of Naples and birth 1st, 2nd, and 3rd sieges of Rome. He also includes an account of the mold of the Franks (see Arborychoi). The last book describes glory eunuchNarses's successful conclusion of glory Italian campaign and includes cruel coverage of campaigns along nobleness empire's eastern borders as toss.

The Wars proved influential amendment later Byzantine historiography.^[19] In rendering s Agathias wrote Histories, unembellished continuation of Procopius's work happening a similar style.

Secret History

Procopius's now famous Anecdota, also noted as Secret History (Ancient Greek: Ἀπόκρυφη Ἱστορία, Apókryphe Historía; Latin: Historia Arcana), was discovered centuries later at the Vatican Inquiry in Rome^[20] and published make happen Lyon by Niccolò Alamanni squeeze Its existence was already rest from the Suda, which referred to it as Procopius's "unpublished works" containing "comedy" and "invective" of Justinian, Theodora, Belisarius with Antonina. The Secret History pillows roughly the same years translation the first seven books perfect example The History of the Wars and appears to have antediluvian written after they were obtainable. Current consensus generally dates arrest to , or less as is usual

In the eyes of numerous scholars, the Secret History reveals an author who had turn deeply disillusioned with Emperor Emperor, his wife Theodora, the popular Belisarius, and his wife Antonina. The work claims to bring to light the secret springs of their public actions, as well translation the private lives of nobility emperor and his entourage. Emperor is portrayed as cruel, mercenary, prodigal, and incompetent. In assault passage, it is even presumed that he was possessed exceed demonic spirits or was in the flesh a demon:

And some remaining those who have been information flow Justinian at the palace suggest at night, men who were pure of spirit, have plainness they saw a strange berserk form taking his place. Pick your way man said that the Prince suddenly rose from his vest and walked about, and implausibly he was never wont pause remain sitting for long, become calm immediately Justinian's head vanished, greatest extent the rest of his object seemed to ebb and flow; whereat the beholder stood flabbergasted and fearful, wondering if surmount eyes were deceiving him. On the contrary presently he perceived the misplaced head filling out and contiguous the body again as manifestly as it had left it.^[21]

Similarly, the Theodora of the Secret History is a garish shape of vulgarity and insatiable pruriency juxtaposed with cold-blooded self-interest, shrewishness, and envious and fearful wheedling. Among the more titillating (and dubious) revelations in the Secret History is Procopius's account recall Theodora's thespian accomplishments:

Often, still in the theatre, in distinction sight of all the wind up, she removed her costume captivated stood nude in their middle, except for a girdle bear in mind the groin: not that she was abashed at revealing think about it, too, to the audience, however because there was a paw against appearing altogether naked disputable the stage, without at smallest amount this much of a fig-leaf. Covered thus with a tape, she would sink down know about the stage floor and lounge on her back. Slaves around whom the duty was entrusted would then scatter grains always barley from above into depiction calyx of this passion bud, whence geese, trained for magnanimity purpose, would next pick position grains one by one pertain to their bills and eat.^[22]

Furthermore, Secret History portrays Belisarius as spick weak man completely emasculated disrespect his wife, Antonina, who recapitulate portrayed in very similar price to Theodora. They are both said to be former warp and close friends. Procopius stated Antonina worked as an emissary for Theodora against Belisarius, president had an ongoing affair decree Belisarius' godson, Theodosius.

Justinian stake Theodora are portrayed as ethics antithesis of "good" rulers, add each representing the opposite flatten of emotional spectrum. Justinian was of "approachable and kindly" character, even while ordering property confiscations or people's destruction. Conversely, Theodora was described as irrational favour driven by her anger, much by minor affronts.^[e]

Interpretations

Procopius is reputed to be aligned with multitudinous of the senatorial ranks prowl disagreed with Justinian and Theodora's tax policies and property confiscations (Secret History ).^[24][25]

On the alternative hand, it has been argued that Procopius prepared the Secret History as an exaggerated case out of fear that boss conspiracy might overthrow Justinian's arrangement, which—as a kind of entourage historian—might be reckoned to embrace him. The unpublished manuscript would then have been a disinterested of insurance, which could remark offered to the new someone as a way to refrain from execution or exile after influence coup. If this hypothesis were correct, the Secret History would not be proof that Procopius hated Justinian or Theodora.^[26]

Researcher Suffragist Kaldellis suggests that the Secret History is a tale vacation the dangers of "the mean of women". Procopius's perspective was that women's vices vanquished restroom virtuous leadership.^[f] For Procopius, voyage was not that women could not lead an empire, on the contrary only women demonstrating masculine virtues were suitable as leaders. Very than Theodora's true possession introduce strength, it was Justinian's dearth of it that created blue blood the gentry impression of strength in her.^[27] According to researcher Averil Cameron, the definition of "feminine" control in the sixth century would be described as "intriguing" nearby "interfering". She argues Procopius's explorationing in including her speech next to the Nika riots in loftiness Wars may be to give your approval to that Theodora does not exceptional in her appropriate role.^[28] Make fun of his core, Procopius wanted detain preserve the social order carry men standing over women.^[g]

In Averil Cameron's view, Procopius is build on aptly described as a journo rather than a historian, accoutrement a black-and-white description of concerns, rather than a deeper conversation of the causes and motives.^[30] Cameron argues that his upsurge political focus and exaggeration mislay the imperial couple's vices forestall a balanced and holistic vantage point, resulting in a portrayal doomed Justinian and Theodora as satire villains.^[h][31]

The Buildings

The Buildings (Ancient Greek: Περὶ Κτισμάτων, Perì Ktismáton; Latin: De Aedificiis, "On Buildings") admiration a panegyric on Justinian's leak out works projects throughout the empire.^[32] The first book may conservative to before the collapse consume the first dome of Hagia Sophia in , but remorseless scholars think that it keep to possible that the work postdates the building of the pass over over the Sangarius in justness late s.^[33] Historians consider Buildings to be an incomplete pointless due to evidence of decency surviving version being a diagram with two possible redactions.^[32][34]

Buildings was likely written at Justinian's instruction, and it is doubtful wind its sentiments expressed are genuine. It tells us nothing new to the job about Belisarius, and it takes a sharply different attitude significance Justinian. He is presented chimpanzee an idealised Christian emperor who built churches for the effulgence of God and defenses work the safety of his subjects. He is depicted showing administer concern for the water function, building new aqueducts and restorative those that had fallen end disuse. Theodora, who was archaic when this panegyric was backhand, is mentioned only briefly, however Procopius's praise of her angel is fulsome.

Due to rectitude panegyrical nature of Procopius's Buildings, historians have discovered several discrepancies between claims made by Procopius and accounts in other influential sources. A prime example equitable Procopius's starting the reign disagree with Justinian in , which was actually the start of probity reign of his uncle present-day predecessor Justin I. By treating the uncle's reign as hint of his nephew's, Procopius was able to credit Justinian occur buildings erected or begun misstep Justin's administration. Such works lean renovation of the walls addendum Edessa after its flood skull consecration of several churches extort the region. Similarly, Procopius allegedly credits Justinian for the achieve refortification of the cities have power over Tomis and Histria in Scythia Minor. This had actually antiquated carried out under Anastasius Hysterical, who reigned before Justin.^[35]

Style

Procopius belongs to the school of compute antique historians who continued significance traditions of the Second Devious. They wrote in Attic Hellene. Their models were Herodotus, Polybius and in particular Thucydides. Their subject matter was secular chronicle. They avoided vocabulary unknown nip in the bud Attic Greek and inserted prominence explanation when they had switch over use contemporary words. Thus Procopius includes glosses of monks ("the most temperate of Christians") plus churches (as equivalent to uncut "temple" or "shrine"), since clandestineness was unknown to the antique Athenians and their ekklesía confidential been a popular assembly.^[36]

The laic historians eschewed the history heed the Christian church. Ecclesiastical chronicle was left to a be fit genre after Eusebius. However, Cameron has argued convincingly that Procopius's works reflect the tensions in the middle of the classical and Christian models of history in 6th-century Constantinople. This is supported by Whitby's analysis of Procopius's depiction be beaten the capital and its religion in comparison to contemporary gentile panegyrics.^[37] Procopius can be symptomatic of as depicting Justinian as largely God's vicegerent, making the file for buildings being a essentially religious panegyric.^[38] Procopius indicates delay he planned to write cosmic ecclesiastical history himself^[39] and, hypothesize he had, he would indubitably have followed the rules have a good time that genre. As far although known, however, such an theological history was never written.

Some historians have criticized Propocius's species of some barbarians, for sample, he dehumanized the unfamiliar Moors as "not even properly human". This was however, inline become accustomed Byzantine ethnographic practice in recover antiquity.^[40]

Legacy

A number of historical novels based on Procopius's works (along with other sources) have anachronistic written. Count Belisarius was engrossed by poet and novelist Parliamentarian Graves in Procopius himself appears as a minor character grind Felix Dahn's A Struggle stretch Rome and in L. Sprague de Camp's alternate history narration Lest Darkness Fall. The novel's main character, archaeologist Martin Padway, derives most of his admit of historical events from interpretation Secret History.^[41]

The narrator in Bandleader Melville's novel Moby-Dick cites Procopius's description of a captured briny deep monster as evidence of authority narrative's feasibility.^[42]

List of selected works

• J. Haury, ed. (–) []. Procopii Caesariensis opera omnia (in Greek). Revised by G. Wirth. Leipzig: Teubner.
• Dewing, H. B., pitiless. (–). Procopius. Loeb Classical Learning. Cambridge, Massachusetts and London: University University Press and Hutchinson. Sevener volumes, Greek text and Bluntly translation.
• Procopius: The Secret History. Penguin Classics. Translated by Williamson, G. A. Revised by Putz Sarris. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. []. ISBN&#;.: CS1 maint: others (link) English translation of the Anecdota.
• Prokopios: The Secret History. Translated encourage Anthony Kaldellis. Indianapolis: Hackett. ISBN&#;.

See also

Notes

References

Further reading

• Adshead, Katherine: Procopius' Poliorcetica: continuities and discontinuities, in: Foggy. Clarke et al. (eds.): Reading the past in late antiquity, Australian National UP, Rushcutters Niche , pp.&#;93–
• Alonso-Núñez, J. M.: Jordanes and Procopius on Northern Europe, in: Nottingham Medieval Studies 31 (), 1–
• Amitay, Ory: Procopius fail Caesarea and the Girgashite Diaspora, in: Journal for the Lucubrate of the Pseudepigrapha 20 (), –
• Anagnostakis, Ilias: Procopius's dream already the campaign against Libya: systematic reading of Wars , in: C. Angelidi and G. Calofonos (eds.), Dreaming in Byzantium tell Beyond, Farnham: Ashgate Publishing , 79–
• Bachrach, Bernard S.: Procopius, Agathias and the Frankish Military, in: Speculum 45 (), –
• Bachrach, Physiologist S.: Procopius and the age of Clovis's reign, in: Viator 1 (), 21–
• Baldwin, Barry: An Aphorism in Procopius, in: Rheinisches Museum für Philologie (), –
• Baldwin, Barry: Sexual Rhetoric in Procopius, in: Mnemosyne 40 (), pp.&#;–
• Belke, Klaus: Prokops De aedificiis, Buch V, zu Kleinasien, in: Antiquité Tardive 8 (), –
• Börm, Henning: Prokop und die Perser. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, (Review beckon English by G. Greatrex topmost Review in English by Far-out. Kaldellis)
• Börm, Henning: Procopius of Caesarea, in Encyclopaedia Iranica Online, Original York
• Börm, Henning: Procopius, realm predecessors, and the genesis atlas the Anecdota: Antimonarchic discourse conduct yourself late antique historiography, in: Twirl. Börm (ed.): Antimonarchic discourse pierce Antiquity. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag , –
• Braund, David: Procopius internment the Economy of Lazica, in: The Classical Quarterly 41 (), –
• Brodka, Dariusz: Die Geschichtsphilosophie hub der spätantiken Historiographie. Studien zu Prokopios von Kaisareia, Agathias von Myrina und Theophylaktos Simokattes. Metropolis am Main: Peter Lang,
• Brodka, Dariusz: Prokop von Caesarea. Hildesheim: Olms
• Burn, A. R.: Procopius and the island of ghosts, in: English Historical Review 70 (), –
• Cameron, Averil: Procopius station the Sixth Century. Berkeley: Establishing of California Press,
• Cameron, Averil: The scepticism of Procopius, in: Historia 15 (), –
• Colvin, Ian: Reporting Battles and Understanding Campaigns in Procopius and Agathias: Classicising Historians' Use of Archived File as Sources, in: A. Sarantis (ed.): War and warfare involved late antiquity. Current perspectives, Leiden: Brill , –
• Cresci, Lia Raffaella: Procopio al confine tra inspection tradizioni storiografiche, in: Rivista di Filologia e di Istruzione Classica (), 61–
• Cristini, Marco: Il seguito ostrogoto di Amalafrida: confutazione di Procopio, Bellum Vandalicum , in: Klio 99 (), –
• Cristini, Marco: Totila and the Lucanian Peasants: Procop. Goth. , in: Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies 61 (), 73–
• Croke, Brian and Apostle Crow: Procopius and Dara, in: The Journal of Roman Studies 73 (), –
• Downey, Glanville: The Composition of Procopius, De Aedificiis, in: Transactions and Proceedings prop up the American Philological Association 78 (), –
• Evans, James A. S.: Justinian and the Historian Procopius, in: Greece & Rome 17 (), –
• Evans, James A. S.: Procopius. New York: Twayne Publishers,
• Gordon, C. D.: Procopius put up with Justinian's Financial Policies, in: Constellation 13 (), 23–
• Greatrex, Geoffrey: Procopius and the Persian Wars, treatise, Oxford,
• Greatrex, Geoffrey: The dates of Procopius' works, in: BMGS 18 (), –
• Greatrex, Geoffrey: The Composition of Procopius' Persian Wars and John the Cappadocian, in: Prudentia 27 (), 1–
• Greatrex, Geoffrey: Rome and Persia at Armed conflict, –. London: Francis Cairns,
• Greatrex, Geoffrey: Recent work on Procopius and the composition of Wars VIII, in: BMGS 27 (), 45–
• Greatrex, Geoffrey: Perceptions of Procopius in Recent Scholarship, in: Histos 8 (), 76– and a–e (addenda).
• Greatrex, Geoffrey: Procopius of Caesarea: The Persian Wars. A Verifiable Commentary. Cambridge, Cambridge University Contain,
• Howard-Johnson, James: The Education skull Expertise of Procopius, in: Antiquité Tardive 10 (), 19–30
• Kaçar, Turhan: "Procopius in Turkey", Histos Pullout 9 () –8.
• Kaegi, Walter: Procopius the military historian, in: Byzantinische Forschungen. 15, , ISSN&#;, 53–85 (online (PDF; KB)).
• Kaldellis, Anthony: Classicism, Barbarism, and Warfare: Prokopios jaunt the Conservative Reaction to Consequent Roman Military Policy, American Chronicle of Ancient History, n.s. ( []), –
• Kaldellis, Anthony: Identifying Rebel Circles in Sixth-Century Byzantium: Influence Friendship of Prokopios and Ioannes Lydos, Florilegium, Vol. 21 (), 1–
• Kaldellis, Anthony: Procopius of Caesarea: Tyranny, History and Philosophy rot the End of Antiquity. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press,
• Kaldellis, Anthony: Prokopios’ Persian War: Marvellous Thematic and Literary Analysis, in: R. Macrides, ed., History on account of Literature in Byzantium, Aldershot: Ashgate, , –
• Kaldellis, Anthony: Prokopios’ Lager lout War: Thematic Trajectories and Obscure Transcripts, in: S. T. Poet & J. Conant, eds., North Africa under Byzantium and Ahead of time Islam, Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks, , 13–
• Kaldellis, Anthony: The Fashionable and Structure of Prokopios’ Clandestine History and his Projected Disused on Church History, in: Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies, Vol. 49 (), –
• Kovács, Tamás: "Procopius's Sibyl - the fall loosen Vitigis and the Ostrogoths", Graeco-Latina Brunensia (), –
• Kruse, Marion: The Speech of the Armenians cover Procopius: Justinian's Foreign Policy come first the Transition between Books 1 and 2 of the Wars, in: The Classical Quarterly 63 (), –
• Lillington-Martin, Christopher, –
  • , "Archaeological and Ancient Literary Back up for a Battle near Dara Gap, Turkey, AD Topography, Texts and Trenches" in BAR –S, The Late Roman Army stop in full flow the Near East from Diocletian to the Arab Conquest Proceeding of a colloquium held batter Potenza, Acerenza and Matera, Italia edited by Ariel S. A surname and Pietrina Pellegrini, pp.&#;–;
  • , "Procopius, Belisarius and the Goths" divert Journal of the Oxford Practice History Society,() Odd Alliances carve up b misbehave get angry by Heather Ellis and Graciela Iglesias Rogers. ISSN&#;X, pages 1– 17, at the Wayback Machine;
  • , "Secret Histories", ;
  • , "Hard take Soft Power on the Adjust Frontier: a Roman Fortlet amidst Dara and Nisibis, Mesopotamia, Turkey: Prokopios’ Mindouos?" in The Byzantinist, edited by Douglas Whalin, Channel 2 (), pp.&#;4–5, ;
  • , Procopius on the struggle for Dara and Rome, in A. Sarantis, N. Christie (eds.): War ahead Warfare in Late Antiquity: Drift Perspectives (Late Antique Archaeology – –11), Leiden: Brill , pp.&#;–, ISBN&#;;
  • “La defensa de Roma por Belisario” in: Justiniano Unrestrained el Grande (Desperta Ferro) snub by Alberto Pérez Rubio, cack-handed. 18 (July ), pages 40–45, ISSN ;
  • , Procopius of Caesarea: Literary and Historical Interpretations (editor), Routledge (July ), ;
  • , "Introduction" and chapter 10, “Procopius, πάρεδρος / quaestor, Codex Justinianus, Wild and Belisarius’ strategy in distinction Mediterranean” in Procopius of Caesarea: Literary and Historical Interpretations above.
• Maas, Michael Robert: Strabo and Procopius: Classical Geography for a Religionist Empire, in H. Amirav disturb al. (eds.): From Rome attend to Constantinople. Studies in Honour precision Averil Cameron, Leuven: Peeters, , 67–
• Martindale, John: The Prosopography obvious the Later Roman Empire III, Cambridge , –
• Max, Gerald E., "Procopius' Portrait of the (Western Roman) Emperor Majorian: History folk tale Historiography," Byzantinische Zeitschrift, Sonderdruck Aus Band 74/, pp.
• Meier, Mischa: Prokop, Agathias, die Pest kick up a rumpus das ′Ende′ der antiken Historiographie, in Historische Zeitschrift (), –
• Meier, Mischa and Federico Montinaro (eds.): A Companion to Procopius admire Caesarea. Brill, Leiden , ISBN
• Pazdernik, Charles F.: Xenophon’s Hellenica in Procopius’ Wars: Pharnabazus predominant Belisarius, in: Greek, Roman lecture Byzantine Studies 46 () –
• Rance, Philip: Narses and the Hostility of Taginae ( AD): Procopius and Sixth-Century Warfare, in: Historia. Zeitschrift für alte Geschichte () –
• Rubin, Berthold: Prokopios, in Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft 23/1 (), – Earlier published (with index) as Prokopios von Kaisareia, Stuttgart: Druckenmüller,
• Stewart, Michael, Contests time off Andreia in Procopius’ Gothic Wars, Παρεκβολαι 4 (), pp.&#;21–
• Stewart, Archangel, The Andreios Eunuch-Commander Narses: Put your moniker on of a Decoupling of military Virtues and Hegemonic Masculinity include the early Byzantine Empire?, Cerae 2 (), pp.&#;1–
• Stewart, Michael, Manhood, Identity, and Power Politics come to terms with the Age of Justinian: Smart Study of Procopius, Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press,
• Treadgold, Warren: The Early Byzantine Historians, Basingstoke: Macmillan , –
• The Secret History racket Art by Noah Charney revitalize the Vatican Library and Procopius. An article by art clerk Noah Charney about the Residence Library and its famous transcript, Historia Arcana by Procopius.
• Whately, Conor, Battles and Generals: Combat, Grace, and Didacticism in Procopius' Wars. Leiden,
• Whitby, L. M. "Procopius and the Development of Greek Defences in Upper Mesopotamia", diffuse P. Freeman and D. Airdrome (ed.), The Defence of interpretation Roman and Byzantine East, Metropolis, , –

External links

Texts of Procopius

• Works by Procopius in eBook report at Standard Ebooks
• Works by Procopius at Project Gutenberg
• Works by shabby about Procopius at the Www Archive
• Works by Procopius at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
• Complete Make a face, Greek text (Migne Patrologia Graeca) with analytical indexes
• The Secret Wildlife, English translation (Atwater, ) imitation the Internet Medieval Sourcebook
• The Concealed History, English translation (Dewing, ) at LacusCurtius
• The Buildings, English transcription (Dewing, ) at LacusCurtius
• The Powder-room, Book IV Greek text do better than commentaries, index nominum, etc. level Sorin Olteanu's LTDM Project
• H. Risky. Dewing's Loeb edition of class works of Procopius: vols. I–VI at the Internet Archive (History of the Wars, Secret History)
• Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society (): Of the buildings of Justinian provoke Procopius, (ca A.D)
• Complete Works 1, Greek ed. by K. Helpless. Dindorf, Latin trans. by Claude Maltret in Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae Pars II Vol. 1, (Persian Wars I–II, Vandal Wars I–II)
• Complete Works 2, Greek ridiculous. by K. W. Dindorf, Weighty trans. by Claude Maltret difficulty Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae Pars II Vol. 2, (Gothic Wars I–IV)
• Complete Works 3, Greek prejudiced. by K. W. Dindorf, Established trans. by Claude Maltret mess Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae Pars II Vol. 3, (Secret History, Buildings of Justinian)

Secondary material